{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:28:23Z","timestamp":1793330903769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008235","name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder of an unknown origin characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes, resulting in typical white macules and patches. However, vitiligo is now recognized as more than just a skin disease, what a dermatologist observes as a white spot of skin is just the \u201ctip of the iceberg\u201d of the condition. We attempt to clarify the classification of comorbidities associated with vitiligo from various reviews and reports, and describe their possible pathogenesis. In conclusion, the literature provides evidence of an association between vitiligo and ocular and auditory abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, other dermatological diseases, metabolic syndrome and related disorders, and psychological diseases. These associations highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing vitiligo patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1072837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T05:56:05Z","timestamp":1677131765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Beyond skin white spots: Vitiligo and associated comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zhonghui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Vitiligo","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624517","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.624517","article-title":"Translational research in Vitiligo","volume":"12","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.11","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"1","author":"Picardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","article-title":"Vitiligo: mechanisms of pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Frisoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14055","article-title":"Comorbidities in Vitiligo: comprehensive review","volume":"57","author":"Dahir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17815","article-title":"Association of Vitiligo with high-frequency Sensorineural Hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Lien","year":"2022","journal-title":"J European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ocular abnormalities in patients with Vitiligo: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Ma","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14652","article-title":"Association between Vitiligo and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Chuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = J German Society of Dermatology: JDDG"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00912.x","article-title":"What are melanocytes really doing all day Long...?","volume":"18","author":"Plonka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000443877","article-title":"A unifying concept of Uveal pigment cell distribution and dissemination based on an animal model: insights into ocular Melanogenesis","volume":"201","author":"Schwab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","article-title":"Role of ocular melanin in ophthalmic physiology and pathology","volume":"84","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_361_18","article-title":"Ocular abnormalities in Vitiligo patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Prabha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14649","article-title":"Ocular and auditory abnormalities in patients with Vitiligo: a case-control study","volume":"46","author":"Genedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"E21","article-title":"Prevalence of glaucoma in patients with Vitiligo","volume":"97","author":"Dertlio\u011flu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"21","article-title":"Vitiligo and glaucoma - an association or a coincidence? 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