{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:55:26Z","timestamp":1788173726116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015083","name":"Peking University People's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pelvic floor muscle strength is well-known to be associated with female sexual function. However, there were a few studies that reported on the relationship between pelvic floor muscle strength and female sexual function in pregnant women, and the presented results were inconsistent. Nulliparae represent a specific cohort with simplicity to exclude confounding factors that are caused by parity. The present study aimed to explore the association of pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function based on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse\/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) of nulliparae during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is the second analysis of the baseline data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), which aimed to study the protective efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training on stress urinary incontinence at 6th week postpartum (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618). Nulliparae aged 20\u201340 years with singleton pregnancy before 16 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study, and data, including participants' demographic information, the Modified Oxford Scale (MOS), and PISQ-12, were collected. Eligible nulliparae were divided into two groups: Group MOS &amp;gt; 3 and Group MOS \u2264 3. Demographic information of the two groups was compared. Sexual function based on the PISQ-12 scores of the two groups was compared. A comparison of the PISQ-12 scores between the two groups was calculated by the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test using SPSS version 23.0.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 735 eligible nulliparae were enrolled in this study. Along with MOS grading up, PISQ-12 scores tended to get lower. Of the 735 nulliparae, there were 378 and 357 participants included in Group MOS &amp;gt; 3 and Group MOS \u2264 3, respectively. The PISQ-12 scores of Group MOS &amp;gt; 3 were significantly lower than those of Group MOS \u2264 3 (11 vs. 12,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). The scores of the frequency of feeling sexual desire, orgasm achievement, sexual excitement, sexual activity satisfaction, sexual intercourse pain, fear of urinary incontinence, and negative emotion reactions with the sexual intercourse of Group MOS &amp;gt; 3 were lower than those of Group MOS \u2264 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pelvic floor muscle strength was positively associated with sexual function based on the questionnaire of young nulliparae during their first trimester. Up to half of the nulliparae during the first trimester were suffering from weak pelvic floor muscle strength and nearly a quarter of the nulliparae were facing this weakness combined with sexual dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study has been registered at\n                      <jats:ext-link>http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1093830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T01:54:20Z","timestamp":1682387660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function based on PISQ-12\u2014an analysis of data from a multicenter cross-sectional study on 735 nulliparae during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoling","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weipeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuying","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingrui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianliu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guizhu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003324","article-title":"Female sexual dysfunction: ACOG practice bulletin clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists, number 213","volume":"134","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.20190248","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle strength is correlated with sexual function","volume":"62","author":"Sartori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig Clin Urol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.07.084","article-title":"Sexual orientation-related differences in sexual satisfaction and sexual problems-A population-based study in Sweden","volume":"17","author":"Bj\u00f6rkenstam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sex Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12379","article-title":"Women with greater pelvic floor muscle strength have better sexual function","volume":"93","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3211-5","article-title":"Relationship between pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Franco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.09.014","article-title":"Association between pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function in postmenopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Omodei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2583-7","article-title":"A strong pelvic floor is associated with higher rates of sexual activity in women with pelvic floor disorders","volume":"26","author":"Kanter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82680","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082680","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise on sexual function and quality of sexual life related to menopausal symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Carcel\u00e9n-Fraile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2017.06.003","article-title":"Impact of pelvic floor muscle training on sexual function of women with urinary incontinence and a comparison of electrical stimulation versus standard treatment (IPSU trial): A randomised controlled trial","volume":"104","author":"Jha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiotherapy."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.12.019","article-title":"Mode of delivery and pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function after childbirth","volume":"88","author":"Baytur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2019.10.005","article-title":"Postpartum female sexual function: Risk factors for postpartum sexual dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Gutzeit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14027","article-title":"Pregnancy- and obstetric-related risk factors for urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, or pelvic organ prolapse later in life: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Hage-Fransen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412929","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182412929","article-title":"Effect of the app-based video guidance on prenatal pelvic floor muscle training combined with global postural re-education for stress urinary incontinence prevention: A protocol for a multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1063-2","article-title":"A short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse\/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12)","volume":"14","author":"Rogers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000953","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1000953","article-title":"Lifestyle choices mediate the association between educational attainment and BMI in older adults in China: A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63568","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063568","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle strength in the first trimester of primipara: A cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-015-0235-z","article-title":"Classification of occupational activity categories using accelerometry: NHANES 2003-2004","volume":"12","author":"Steeves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Perineal Body","author":"Siccardi","year":"2021"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20669","article-title":"Pelvic floor stimulation: What are the good vibrations?","volume":"28","author":"Lauper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.19007","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunction in symptomatic women: A prospective comparative study","volume":"38","author":"El-Haieg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasonography."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2020.01.009","article-title":"Cutoff score of the traditional Chinese version of the short form of the pelvic organ prolapse\/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ-12)","volume":"59","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3088-3","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle strength in primigravidae and non-pregnant nulliparous women: A comparative study","volume":"28","author":"Palmezoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"181","article-title":"Influence of pregnancy and vaginal delivery on pelvic floor function","volume":"58","author":"Juanjuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Modern Chinese Doctor"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711073","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191711073","article-title":"Effect of pelvic floor workout on pelvic floor muscle function recovery of postpartum women: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa081","article-title":"The effect of pelvic floor muscle interventions on pelvic floor dysfunction after gynecological cancer treatment: A systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Brennen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100056","article-title":"2019 Canadian guideline for physical activity throughout pregnancy","volume":"52","author":"Mottola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n3049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n3049","article-title":"Prevention and non-surgical management of pelvic floor dysfunction: Summary of NICE guidance","volume":"376","author":"Okeahialam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2021.100441","article-title":"The relationship between pelvic floor function and sexual function in perimenopausal women","volume":"9","author":"Zhuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23353","article-title":"Evaluation of pelvic floor muscle strength and its correlation with sexual function in primigravid and non-pregnant women: A cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.07.013","article-title":"Female sexual function at midlife and beyond","volume":"45","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1093830\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T01:54:30Z","timestamp":1682387670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1093830\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1093830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1093830","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"article-number":"1093830"}}