{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:00:16Z","timestamp":1753891216276,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of vitamin D status on adult COVID-19 pneumonia induced by Delta variant remains to be further explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A longitudinal, real-world cohort study was performed. Artificial intelligence (AI) was used to identify and measure pneumonia lesions. All cases with pneumonia were divided into the vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and control groups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Lesion dynamics were observed within six time periods after the onset of pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 161 cases were included, of which 101 (63%) were male and 46 (29%) presented with pneumonia. The median age and baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were 37 years and 21 ng\/ml, respectively. Age, fibrinogen, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer on admission were independent predictors for the onset of pneumonia. After the onset of pneumonia, patients in the VDD group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) had higher percentage of fever (33 vs. 7.1%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) than those in the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928); the interval of pneumonia resolution was longer (28 vs. 21 days; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02); lesions progressed more rapidly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) within 3 to 7 days and improved more slowly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) within more than 28 days; notably, simultaneous interleukin-6 (18.7 vs. 14.6\u2009pg\/ml; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) levels were higher, and cycle thresholds for N gene (22.8 vs. 31.3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) and ORF1ab gene (20.9 vs. 28.7; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) were lower within 3 to 7 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D status may have effects on the progression and resolution, but not the onset of Delta variant-induced pneumonia in adults. Computed tomography image diagnosis system based on AI may have promising applications in the surveillance and diagnosis of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant-induced pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1121256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T06:12:04Z","timestamp":1679638324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of vitamin D status on adult COVID-19 pneumonia induced by Delta variant: A longitudinal, real-world cohort 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