{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:58:00Z","timestamp":1780545480332,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of poor long-term survival after lung transplantation (LT). Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (SysCLAD) aimed to predict CLAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To predict CLAD, we investigated the clinicome of patients with LT; the exposome through assessment of airway microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and air pollution studies; the immunome with works on activation of dendritic cells, the role of T cells to promote the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9, and subpopulations of T and B cells; genome polymorphisms; blood transcriptome; plasma proteome studies and assessment of MSK1 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicome: the best multivariate logistic regression analysis model for early-onset CLAD in 422 LT eligible patients generated a ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.77. Exposome: chronic exposure to air pollutants appears deleterious on lung function levels in LT recipients (LTRs), might be modified by macrolides, and increases mortality. Our findings established a link between the lung microbial ecosystem, human lung function, and clinical stability post-transplant. Immunome: a decreased expression of CLEC1A in human lung transplants is predictive of the development of chronic rejection and associated with a higher level of interleukin 17A; Immune cells support airway remodeling through the production of plasma MMP-9 levels, a potential predictive biomarker of CLAD. Blood CD9-expressing B cells appear to favor the maintenance of long-term stable graft function and are a potential new predictive biomarker of BOS-free survival. An early increase of blood CD4\u2009+\u2009CD57\u2009+\u2009ILT2+ T cells after LT may be associated with CLAD onset. Genome: Donor Club cell secretory protein G38A polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of severe primary graft dysfunction after LT. Transcriptome: blood POU class 2 associating factor 1, T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma domain, and B cell lymphocytes, were validated as predictive biomarkers of CLAD phenotypes more than 6\u2009months before diagnosis. Proteome: blood A2MG is an independent predictor of CLAD, and MSK1 kinase overexpression is either a marker or a potential therapeutic target in CLAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction generated multiple fingerprints that enabled the development of predictors of CLAD. These results open the way to the integration of these fingerprints into a predictive handprint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1126697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T05:05:40Z","timestamp":1678338340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Systems prediction of chronic lung allograft dysfunction: Results and perspectives from the Cohort of Lung Transplantation and Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction 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