{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:22:08Z","timestamp":1780640528284,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21\/06191-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/06191-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy among humans. As the condition promotes susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammation, and hypercoagulability disorders, several international agencies have included individuals with this disease in the COVID-19 risk group for severe outcomes. However, available information about the subject is not properly systematized yet. This review aimed to understand and summarize the scientific knowledge about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with sickle cell disease. Searches were performed in the Medline, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases based on descriptors chosen according to the Medical Subject Headings. We analyzed studies published between 2020 and October 2022, developed with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodology, and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The search resulted in 90 articles organized into six categories. There is disagreement in the literature about how different aspects related to sickle cell disease, such as chronic inflammation status, hypercoagulability, hemolytic anemia, use of hydroxyurea, and access to medical care interference with the clinical course of COVID-19. These topics deserve further investigation. It is evident, however, that the infection may manifest in an atypical way and act as a trigger for the development of sickle cell-specific complications, such as acute chest syndrome and vaso-occlusive crises, conditions that are associated with great morbidity and mortality. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be aware of the different forms of presentation of COVID-19 among these individuals. Specific guidelines and therapeutic protocols, as well as public policies for sickle cell individuals, must be considered.<\/jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review (<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/NH4AS<\/jats:ext-link>) and the review protocol (<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/osf.io\/3y649\/<\/jats:ext-link>) are registered in the Open Science Framework platform.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1144226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T15:30:59Z","timestamp":1683041459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with sickle cell disease: an integrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Laura Resende Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vitoria Gomes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Maria Ramos","family":"Germano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabeth F.","family":"Estevao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Gusm\u00e3o","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2016.09.009","article-title":"Sickle cell disease: a brief update","volume":"101","author":"Azar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.10","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Kato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1510865","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"376","author":"Piel","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17192-4","article-title":"Sickle-cell disease","volume":"364","author":"Stuart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2015.11.004","article-title":"The present and future global burden of the inherited disorders of hemoglobin","volume":"30","author":"Piel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006223422502","article-title":"Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease","volume":"342","author":"Vichinsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04594.x","article-title":"Causes of death in sickle cell disease: an autopsy study","volume":"123","author":"Manci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard2020"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.023","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic\u2014a focused review for clinicians","volume":"26","author":"Cevik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02520-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment strategies for COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839","article-title":"Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review","volume":"324","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA - 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