{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:06:52Z","timestamp":1783577212895,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent decades, several pieces of evidence have drawn greater attention to the topic of innate immunity, in particular, interferon (IFN) and Interleukin 6 in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Both of these molecules transduce their signal through a receptor coupled with Janus kinases (JAK)\/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT). In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK\/STAT pathway in IIM, evaluate a possible therapeutic role for JAK inhibitors in this group of diseases, focusing on those with the strongest IFN signature (dermatomyositis and antisynthetase syndrome).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1158768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T04:35:31Z","timestamp":1678682131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Targeting intracellular pathways in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gaetano","family":"La Rocca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Libra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Sambataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Colaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Malatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Palmucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Vancheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Sambataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00321-x","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.","volume":"7","author":"Lundberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15358","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a review.","volume":"51","author":"Ashton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Med J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.41","article-title":"Classification of myositis.","volume":"14","author":"Lundberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts).","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts).","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40320","article-title":"2017 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups.","volume":"69","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.56","article-title":"Autoantibodies in myositis.","volume":"14","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.3.316","article-title":"Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity.","volume":"61","author":"van der Meulen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2598","article-title":"Development of a new classification system for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on clinical manifestations and myositis-specific autoantibodies.","volume":"75","author":"Mariampillai","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/df2oc3","article-title":"Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated 5 gene antibody-positive dermatomyositis exhibit three clinical phenotypes with different prognoses.","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.42","article-title":"Treatment in myositis.","volume":"14","author":"Oddis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12451","article-title":"Myositis-specific autoantibodies: an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis.","volume":"280","author":"Betteridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.09.020","article-title":"Antisynthetase syndrome - much more than just a myopathy.","volume":"51","author":"Opinc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8112013","article-title":"Influence of antisynthetase antibodies specificities on antisynthetase syndrome clinical spectrum time course.","volume":"8","author":"Cavagna","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.773352","article-title":"Dermatomyositis with anti-MDA5 antibodies: bioclinical features, pathogenesis and emerging therapies.","volume":"12","author":"Nombel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009727","article-title":"Different phenotypes in dermatomyositis associated with anti-MDA5 antibody: study of 121 cases.","volume":"95","author":"Allenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11122002","article-title":"JAK-STAT signaling: a double-edged sword of immune regulation and cancer progression.","volume":"11","author":"Owen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106210","article-title":"The role of JAK\/STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors in diseases.","volume":"80","author":"Xin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00029","article-title":"Canonical and non-canonical aspects of JAK-STAT signaling: lessons from interferons for cytokine responses.","volume":"8","author":"Majoros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1","article-title":"The JAK\/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic.","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401867","article-title":"Mechanisms of JAK\/STAT signaling in immunity and disease.","volume":"194","author":"Villarino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.1021\/jm401490p","article-title":"Discovery and development of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for inflammatory diseases.","volume":"57","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Chem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.31.1.100","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of JAK inhibition.","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-021-01055-0","article-title":"Filgotinib in rheumatoid arthritis: a profile of its use.","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2020.1782049","article-title":"A review of upadacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"30","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01349-1","article-title":"Selectivity of janus kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: is expectation the root of all headache?","volume":"80","author":"Harigai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200703184","article-title":"JAK1-STAT1-STAT3, a key pathway promoting proliferation and preventing premature differentiation of myoblasts.","volume":"179","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00500","article-title":"The JAK\/STAT pathway in skeletal muscle pathophysiology.","volume":"10","author":"Moresi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201607052","article-title":"STAT3 promotes IFN\u03b3\/TNF\u03b1-induced muscle wasting in an NF-\u03baB-dependent and IL-6-independent manner.","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.016","article-title":"Impact of Stat3 activation upon skin biology: a dichotomy of its role between homeostasis and diseases.","volume":"50","author":"Sano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646680","article-title":"Targeting JAK\/STAT signalling in inflammatory skin diseases with small molecule inhibitors.","volume":"47","author":"Welsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00287","article-title":"\u201cDo We Know Jack\u201d About JAK? A closer look at JAK\/STAT signaling pathway.","volume":"8","author":"Bousoik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S353494","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of janus kinase inhibitors for the management of interstitial lung disease.","volume":"16","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0728-9","article-title":"The JAK2 pathway is activated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"19","author":"Milara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109044","article-title":"Effect of baricitinib on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells induced by IL-6.","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1204LE","article-title":"Successful treatment of interstitial lung disease in STAT3 gain-of-function using JAK inhibitors.","volume":"202","author":"Silva-Carmona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-016-8527-x","article-title":"The immune response and the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myositis: a critical review.","volume":"52","author":"Ceribelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.05.013","article-title":"Pathogenesis and therapies of immune-mediated myopathies.","volume":"11","author":"Dalakas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/vskjxi","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: one year in review 2021.","volume":"40","author":"Cardelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33350","article-title":"Immature muscle precursors are a source of interferon-\u03b2 in myositis: role of Toll-like receptor 3 activation and contribution to HLA class I up-regulation.","volume":"64","author":"Tournadre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20464","article-title":"Interferon-alpha\/beta-mediated innate immune mechanisms in dermatomyositis.","volume":"57","author":"Greenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12955","article-title":"The role of interferons type I, II and III in myositis: a review.","volume":"31","author":"Bolko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2011.61","article-title":"Relationship between disease activity and type 1 interferon- and other cytokine-inducible gene expression in blood in dermatomyositis and polymyositis.","volume":"13","author":"Greenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1193","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008128","article-title":"Identification of distinctive interferon gene signatures in different types of myositis.","volume":"93","author":"Pinal-Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000811","article-title":"Distinct interferon signatures stratify inflammatory and dysimmune myopathies.","volume":"5","author":"Rigolet","year":"2019","journal-title":"RMD Open."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-01017-7","article-title":"Updates on the immunopathology in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.","volume":"23","author":"Uruha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.633821","article-title":"Type I interferons in systemic autoimmune diseases: distinguishing between afferent and efferent functions for precision medicine and individualized treatment.","volume":"12","author":"Chasset","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3531","article-title":"Type I interferon pathway in adult and juvenile dermatomyositis.","volume":"13","author":"Baechler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.26","article-title":"A critical role for immature muscle precursors in myositis.","volume":"9","author":"Tournadre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0760","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: autoantigens as clues to the pathogenesis of myositis.","volume":"4","author":"Suber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283157538","article-title":"Dendritic cells and the immunopathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.","volume":"20","author":"de Padilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202794","article-title":"A phase 1b clinical trial evaluating sifalimumab, an anti-IFN-\u03b1 monoclonal antibody, shows target neutralisation of a type I IFN signature in blood of dermatomyositis and polymyositis patients.","volume":"73","author":"Higgs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.027","article-title":"Pleiotropy and specificity: insights from the interleukin 6 family of cytokines.","volume":"50","author":"Murakami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24689","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of interleukin-6 blockade in a murine model of polymyositis that does not require interleukin-17A.","volume":"60","author":"Okiyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24936","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and type I interferon-regulated genes and chemokines mark disease activity in dermatomyositis.","volume":"60","author":"Bilgic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu258","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in polymyositis and dermatomyositis complicated by rapidly progressive or chronic interstitial lung disease.","volume":"53","author":"Gono","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez252","article-title":"Using peripheral blood immune signatures to stratify patients with adult and juvenile inflammatory myopathies.","volume":"59","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01226-3","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukins and S100A8\/A9 correlate with clinical severity in patients with dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease.","volume":"20","author":"Lou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126211","article-title":"Role of JAK\/STAT in interstitial lung diseases; molecular and cellular mechanisms.","volume":"22","author":"Montero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14712","article-title":"NXP2-positive dermatomyositis complicated with refractory skin edema: successful treatment with tocilizumab.","volume":"34","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2021.1972519","article-title":"Tocilizumab and rituximab for anti-MDA-5 positive amyopathic dermatomyositis complicated with macrophage activation syndrome and progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease.","volume":"51","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2015.03.016","article-title":"Antisynthetase syndrome treated with tocilizumab.","volume":"83","author":"Beaumel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e227","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa906","article-title":"Tocilizumab for refractory rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease related to anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis.","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11493","article-title":"Randomized trial of tocilizumab in the treatment of refractory adult polymyositis and dermatomyositis.","volume":"4","author":"Oddis","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14939","article-title":"JAK-inhibitors for dermatomyositis: a concise literature review.","volume":"34","author":"Paudyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.0866","article-title":"Tofacitinib citrate for refractory cutaneous dermatomyositis: an alternative treatment.","volume":"152","author":"Kurtzman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41602","article-title":"Study of tofacitinib in refractory dermatomyositis: an open-label pilot study of ten patients.","volume":"73","author":"Paik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41944","article-title":"Long-term extension study of tofacitinib in refractory dermatomyositis.","volume":"74","author":"Paik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/hxin6o","article-title":"Use of Janus kinase inhibitors in dermatomyositis: a systematic literature review.","author":"Paik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1900045","article-title":"Tofacitinib in amyopathic dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease.","volume":"381","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.151959","article-title":"Management of MDA-5 antibody positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review.","volume":"53","author":"McPherson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220367","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of outcome in melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-related interstitial lung disease treated with tofacitinib or tacrolimus.","volume":"49","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.733599","article-title":"A clinical risk model to predict rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease incidence in dermatomyositis.","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21252","article-title":"Improvement of cutaneous inflammation and panniculitis in patients with dermatomyositis by the Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib.","volume":"187","author":"Fischer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa184","article-title":"Successful treatment with baricitinib in a patient with refractory cutaneous dermatomyositis.","volume":"59","author":"Delvino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.962585","article-title":"Short-term effectiveness of baricitinib in children with refractory and\/or severe juvenile dermatomyositis.","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.10.055","article-title":"JAK inhibitors for the treatment of adult dermatomyositis: a pilot study.","author":"Landon-Cardinal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.08.025","article-title":"Baricitinib for the treatment of cutaneous dermatomyositis: a prospective, open-label study.","volume":"87","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.03.003","article-title":"Successful treatment of extensive calcifications and acute pulmonary involvement in dermatomyositis with the Janus-Kinase inhibitor tofacitinib - A report of two cases.","volume":"100","author":"Wendel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e387","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab421","article-title":"Calcinosis in refractory dermatomyositis improves with tofacitinib monotherapy: a case series.","volume":"60","author":"Shneyderman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.585761","article-title":"Iacta Alea Est: the inexorable advance of tofacitinib in the treatment of dermatomyositis-associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. A case report.","volume":"11","author":"Conca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14516","article-title":"Tofacitinib treatment in anti-glycyl-tRNA synthetase antibody interstitial lung disease - A case report.","author":"Tseng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.122","article-title":"A phase 2, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of toll-like receptor 7\/8\/9 antagonist, IMO-8400, in dermatomyositis.","volume":"84","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.3917","article-title":"Apremilast in recalcitrant cutaneous dermatomyositis: a nonrandomized controlled trial.","volume":"158","author":"Bitar","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1737-2","article-title":"Relevance of interferon-gamma in pathogenesis of life-threatening rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis.","volume":"20","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102831","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies from B cells of patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis directly stimulate interferon gamma production.","volume":"130","author":"Coutant","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13404","article-title":"A high level of serum neopterin is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and reduced survival in dermatomyositis.","volume":"199","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4775","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S327751","article-title":"Evaluation of prognostic factors in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive patients in Chongqing, China: a retrospective study.","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.791348","article-title":"Presence of anti-MDA5 antibody and its value for the clinical assessment in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.833114","article-title":"Pathogenesis of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis: a concise review with an emphasis on Type I interferon system.","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110592","article-title":"Application of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to modulate inflammation in critical COVID-19 - A theoretical perspective.","volume":"151","author":"Yaqinuddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab928","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for interstitial lung diseases of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis.","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00450-1","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for COVID-19 ARDS.","volume":"10","author":"Wilfong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.016","article-title":"The interferon landscape along the respiratory tract impacts the severity of COVID-19.","volume":"184","author":"Sposito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00679-0","article-title":"The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19.","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01109-6","article-title":"Baricitinib in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial and updated meta-analysis.","volume":"400","author":"Group","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00331-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.","volume":"9","author":"Marconi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2031994","article-title":"Baricitinib plus remdesivir for hospitalized adults with COVID-19.","volume":"384","author":"Kalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.10.11.21263897","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care for the treatment of critically ill hospitalised adults with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an exploratory, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"10","author":"Ely","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3231","article-title":"Baricitinib and pulse steroids combined treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: preliminary data from a rheumatologic experience in intensive care unit.","volume":"81","author":"Ferro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B101","article-title":"Combination treatment with baricitinib and pulse steroids in severe COVID-19.","volume":"74","author":"Ferro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/8kulbf","article-title":"Intensive induction therapy combining tofacitinib, rituximab and plasma exchange in severe anti-melanoma differentiation-associatedprotein-5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis.","volume":"41","author":"Shirai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1158768\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T04:35:39Z","timestamp":1678682139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1158768\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1158768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1158768","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"article-number":"1158768"}}