{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:21:03Z","timestamp":1790796063518,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019779","name":"Qatar National Library","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sickle cell leg ulcers (SCLUs) are usually chronic, painful, and devastating complications of sickle cell disease. Skin vaso-occlusion with compromised blood flow, chronic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction is thought to be the underlying mechanism. It is usually slow to heal, and it may become chronic and superinfected. The management of SCLUs is usually challenging and requires a multidisciplinary team. Multiple systemic and local therapies have been tried in SCLU treatment. However, the outcome is variable: currently, there are no official recommendations for the best effective treatment. Herein, we report a 34-year-old male patient with non-transfusion-dependent sickle cell disease who was suffering from a chronic left ankle ulcer and was successfully managed with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, resulting in a complete resolution of this devastating complication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1171971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:43:00Z","timestamp":1686807780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sickle cell leg ulcer successfully managed by hyperbaric oxygen: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Awni","family":"Alshurafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abu-Tineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2147\/PGPM.S391394","article-title":"Genotypic and phenotypic composition of sickle cell disease in the arab population - a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Ata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics Pers Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21475","article-title":"Vasculopathy in sickle cell disease: Biology, pathophysiology, genetics, translational medicine, and new research directions","volume":"84","author":"Kato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2020.1714113","article-title":"Distribution of sickle cell disease and assessment of risk factors based on transcranial Doppler values in the Gulf region","volume":"25","author":"Wali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hematol Amst Neth."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21838","article-title":"Leg ulcers in sickle cell disease","volume":"85","author":"Minniti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000189089.45003.52","article-title":"Outcome of sickle cell anemia: a 4-decade observational study of 1056 patients","volume":"84","author":"Powars","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789968","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2013.789968","article-title":"Leg ulcers in sickle cell disease: current patterns and practices","volume":"37","author":"Delaney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hemoglobin."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2018.0918","article-title":"Leg ulcers in sickle-cell disease: treatment update","volume":"9","author":"Monfort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000280198.81130.d5","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy mediates increased nitric oxide production associated with wound healing: a preliminary study","volume":"20","author":"Boykin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch074","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen: its uses, mechanisms of action and outcomes","volume":"97","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"QJM Mon J Assoc Physic."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186270","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186270","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of leg ulcers in patients with sickle cell disease: I don't want them to know my little secret","volume":"12","author":"Umeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04057-8","article-title":"A study of the geographic distribution and associated risk factors of leg ulcers within an international cohort of sickle cell disease patients: the CASiRe group analysis","volume":"99","author":"Antwi-Boasiako","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Hematol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04635-4","article-title":"Hydroxyurea and fetal hemoglobin effect on leg ulcers in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"101","author":"Tolu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Hematol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007308","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants in sickle cell disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Rozi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4945","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-144636","article-title":"L-Glutamine and crizanlizumab for adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Qatar: a cost effectiveness analysis","volume":"138","author":"Adel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048571","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1048571","article-title":"Short- and long-term follow-up and additional benefits in a sickle cell disease patient experienced severe crizanlizumab infusion-related vaso-occlusive crisis: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Alshurafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E126","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26101","article-title":"The impact of voxelotor treatment on leg ulcers in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"96","author":"Minniti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063255","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1063255","article-title":"Complete resolution of stage II avascular necrosis affecting three joints by hyperbaric oxygen in a patient with sickle cell disease: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Alshurafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2008.00436.x","article-title":"Wound healing essentials: let there be oxygen","volume":"17","author":"Sen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090864","article-title":"A general overview on the hyperbaric oxygen therapy: applications, mechanisms and translational opportunities","volume":"57","author":"Ortega","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1171971\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:43:02Z","timestamp":1686807782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1171971\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1171971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1171971","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"article-number":"1171971"}}