{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:31:43Z","timestamp":1773045103337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82160519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31660326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31660326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005329","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QianKeHe-ZK (2023) Key 042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianKeHe-ZK (2023) Key 042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005329","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QianKeHe Support (2022)181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianKeHe Support (2022)181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasound (US) has gained popularity in the evaluation of haemophilic joint diseases because it enables the imaging of soft-tissue lesions in the joints and bone-cartilage lesions. We aimed to determine the correlation between US evaluations and clinical assessments performed using HJHS 2.1 and to evaluate their respective characteristics in assessing early haemophilic arthropathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 178 joints (32 knees, 85 elbows, and 61 ankles) in 45 haemophilia A patients (median age, 10 years; range, 6\u201315) were assessed using US and HJHS 2.1. Ultrasonographic scoring was performed in consensus assessments by one imager by using the US scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total HJHS 2.1 and US scores showed a strong correlation (rS=0.651, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.000, CI: 0.553\u20130.763), with an excellent correlation for the elbows (rS=0.867, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.000, CI: 0.709\u20130.941) and a substantial correlation for the knees (rS=0.681, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.000, CI: 0.527\u20130.797). The correlation for the ankles was relatively moderate (rS=0.518, P=0.000, CI: 0.308\u20130.705). Nine subjects (15.5%) without abnormalities, as indicated by HJHS 2.1, showed haemophilic arthropathy in US scoring. All nine joints showed moderate (1\/9) to severe (8\/9) synovial thickening in the ankle (5\/9) and elbow joints (4\/9). In contrast, 50 joints (50.5%) showed normal US scores and abnormal changes as indicated by HJHS 2.1. S scores correlated well with HJHS 2.1 for overall and individual joints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>US could identify some early pathological changes in joints showing normal clinical findings, but still cannot replace the HJHS; however, it can serve as an imaging examination complementing HJHS 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1193830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T08:25:26Z","timestamp":1689668726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of joint status using ultrasound assessments and Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 in children with 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