{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:52:27Z","timestamp":1793976747673,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of long-term rotation on astigmatism following Evolution-toric intraocular collamer lens (EVO-TICL) implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty eyes of 22 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Visual acuity, refractive parameters, and axial position of the EVO-TICL by OPD-Scan III aberrometer were measured preoperatively, 1\u2009month and 3\u2009years postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Last visit, the safety index was 1.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 and the efficacy index was 1.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23. The best-fitting curve of the attempted versus achieved correction was y\u2009=\u20090.9751x\u2009+\u20090.001. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) decreased from \u22128.94\u2009\u00b1\u20092.72D preoperatively to 0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24D and\u2009\u2212\u20090.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46D 1\u2009month and 3\u2009years postoperatively, respectively. The mean target and surgical induced astigmatism were 1.55\u2009\u00b1\u20090.61D and 1.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.94D 3\u2009years postoperatively. The average expected axis of the TICL was-1.15\u2009\u00b1\u20099.07 (\u221221\u201319\u00b0). One month and 3\u2009years postoperatively, the average actual axis was \u22120.70\u2009\u00b1\u20099.86 (\u221220\u201320\u00b0) and\u2009\u2212\u20090.35\u2009\u00b1\u200911.72 (\u221225\u201330\u00b0), respectively. The absolute rotation of the TICL was 3.70\u2009\u00b1\u20094.42 (0\u201322\u00b0) and 6.00\u2009\u00b1\u20096.70 (0\u201332\u00b0) 1\u2009month and 3\u2009years postoperatively, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001). The expected astigmatism was \u22120.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12D, and the mean actual astigmatism was \u22120.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30D and\u2009\u2212\u20090.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45D 1\u2009month and 3\u2009years postoperatively, respectively. The mean absolute rotation without postoperative astigmatism was 3.73\u2009\u00b1\u20092.69 (0\u20139\u00b0) and 1.67\u2009\u00b1\u20091.66 (0\u20135\u00b0) for low (&amp;lt;2D) and high (\u22652D) astigmatic TICL, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>EVO-TICL implantation is safe and effective, with good predictability and stability. OPD-Scan is a fast device to detect the axial position of the TICL without mydriasis, and the axial position is relatively stable in the long term postoperatively. A slight rotation of low-astigmatic TICL may not cause postoperative astigmatism, whereas rotation of the high-astigmatic TICL may cause it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1194006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T21:31:20Z","timestamp":1689370280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of long-term rotation on astigmatism following EVO-toric intraocular collamer lens 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