{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T23:08:02Z","timestamp":1786403282194,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delirium is common during critical illness and is associated with poor outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of haloperidol for the treatment of delirium in critically ill patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled trials enrolling critically ill adult patients to compare haloperidol with placebo were searched from inception through to February 20th, 2023. The primary outcome were delirium-free days and overall mortality, secondary outcomes were length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, and adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine trials were included in our meta-analysis, with a total of 3,916 critically ill patients. Overall, the pooled analyses showed no significant difference between critically ill patients treated with haloperidol and placebo for the delirium-free days (MD \u22120.01, 95%CI \u22120.36 to 0.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.95, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200930%), overall mortality (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.76 to 1.04, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.14, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u20090%), length of intensive care unit stay (MD \u22120.06, 95%CI \u22120.16 to 0.03, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.19, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u20090%), length of hospital stay (MD \u22120.06, 95%CI \u22120.61 to 0.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.83, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u20090%), and adverse events (OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.60 to 1.37, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.63, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u20090%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among critically ill patients, the use of haloperidol as compared to placebo has no significant effect on delirium-free days, overall mortality, length of intensive care unit and\/or hospital stay. Moreover, the use of haloperidol did not increase the risk of adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1200314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T21:18:00Z","timestamp":1690492680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The efficacy and safety of haloperidol for the treatment of delirium in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and 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