{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:16:33Z","timestamp":1787026593143,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embolia cutis medicamentosa or Nicolau syndrome is a rare drug reaction associated with the administration of various injectable medications. The pathogenesis of the disease is unknown, though intra and periarterial injection of the drug is a possible cause. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the clinical characteristics of Nicolau syndrome in patients examined in daily dermatological practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective chart review, between January 2011 and December 2020, in patients diagnosed with Nicolau syndrome, from the cases of a private dermatology medical office in T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 10-year period, 7 patients were diagnosed with Nicolau syndrome. Of these, 4 (57%) patients were males and 3 (43%) were females, The male to female ratio was 1.33. The median age was 64 (interquartile range, IQR, 62\u201371), with the youngest patient being diagnosed at age 61 and the oldest at age 74. Regarding the drugs classes that caused Nicolau syndrome, these were intravenous antibiotics in 57%, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 43% of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients healed in a period of 6 to 8\u2009weeks. No complications occurred. In conclusion, Nicolau syndrome is a rare side effect of injectable drug administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1216781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T02:01:15Z","timestamp":1698976875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Embolia cutis Medicamentosa (Nicolau syndrome): case series"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gyula Laszlo","family":"Fekete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo Barna","family":"Iantovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Edit","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Dermite liv\u00e9do\u00efde et gangr\u00e9neuse de la fesse, cons\u00e9cutive aux injections intra-musculaires, dans la syphilis","volume":"20","author":"Nicolau","year":"1925","journal-title":"A propos d\u2019un cas d\u2019embolie art\u00e9rielle bismuthique, Annales des maladies v\u00e9n\u00e9riennes"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Nicolau\u2019s Syndrome (Embolia Cutis Medicamentosa)","volume":"66","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00561131","article-title":"Local skin 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(Aseptische hautnekrose nach subkutaner injektion von interferon-alpha.)","volume":"114","author":"Rasokat","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2017.e13","article-title":"Nicolau syndrome induced by intramuscular injection of a hexavalent vaccine in a 6-month-old girl","volume":"115","author":"Stefano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01585.x","article-title":"Livedoid skin necrosis (Nicolau syndrome) due to triple vaccine (dtp) injection","volume":"137","author":"Nagore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1216781\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T02:01:32Z","timestamp":1698976892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1216781\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1216781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1216781","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"article-number":"1216781"}}