{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:47:09Z","timestamp":1784306829088,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for serious respiratory infections in humans. Even in the absence of respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal (GI) signs were commonly reported in adults and children. Thus, oral\u2013fecal transmission was suspected as a possible route of infection. The objective of this study was to describe RNA shedding in nasopharyngeal and stool samples obtained from asymptomatic and symptomatic children and to investigate virus viability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 179 stool and 191 nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 71 children, which included symptomatic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200964) and asymptomatic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20097) ones. They were collected every 7\u2009days from the onset of the infection until negativation. Viral RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR, targeting the N and ORF1 genes. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for positive cases. Viral isolation was assessed on Vero cells, followed by molecular detection confirmation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cases included in this study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200971) were positive in their nasopharyngeal samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 36 stool samples obtained from 15 out of 71 (21.1%) children; 13 were symptomatic and two were asymptomatic. Excretion periods varied from 7 to 21\u2009days and 7 to 14\u2009days in nasopharyngeal and fecal samples, respectively. Four variants were detected: Alpha (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20093), B.1.160 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20093), Delta (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20097), and Omicron (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20091). Inoculation of stool samples on cell culture showed no specific cytopathic effect. All cell culture supernatants were negative for RT-qPCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrated nasopharyngeal and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by children up to 21 and 14\u2009days, respectively. Fecal shedding was recorded in symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 was not isolated from positive stool samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1226207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T15:48:46Z","timestamp":1698680926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 excretion kinetics in nasopharyngeal and stool samples from the pediatric population"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Haifa","family":"Khemiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Gdoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Ben 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