{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:43:15Z","timestamp":1775608995751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A familial history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) predisposes an individual to develop RA. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with this conversion from the Tatarstan cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 144 individuals, referred to as pre-RA and at risk for familial RA, were selected 2 years (range: 2\u201321 years) before conversion to RA and compared to non-converted 328 first-degree relatives (FDR) from RA as assessed after \u22652 years follow-up, and 355 healthy controls were also selected (HC). Preclinical parameters and socio-demographic\/individual\/HLA genetic factors were analyzed when data were available at the time of enrollment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As compared to FDR and HC groups, pre-RA individuals were characterized before conversion to RA by the presence of arthralgia, severe morning symptoms, a lower educational level, and rural location. An association with the HLA-DRB1 SE risk factor was also retrieved with symmetrical arthralgia and passive smoking. On the contrary, alcohol consumption and childlessness in women were protective and associated with the HLA-DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>07:01 locus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before RA onset, a combination of individual and genetic factors characterized those who are at risk of progressing to RA among those with familial RA relatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1227786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1696852887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictive risk factors before the onset of familial rheumatoid arthritis: the Tatarstan cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marina I.","family":"Arleevskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina V.","family":"Larionova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena I.","family":"Shagimardanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia E.","family":"Gogoleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga A.","family":"Kravtsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrej A.","family":"Novikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gevorg G.","family":"Kazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Carl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Renaudineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2021.100119","article-title":"Causal risk and protective factors in rheumatoid arthritis: a genetic update","volume":"4","author":"Arleevskaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Transl Autoimmun."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209846","article-title":"EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"76","author":"van Steenbergen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02771","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of upper respiratory tract infection events are elevated prior to the development of rheumatoid arthritis in first-degree relatives","volume":"9","author":"Arleevskaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.01.004","article-title":"In seroconverted rheumatoid arthritis patients a multi-reactive anti-herpes IgM profile is associated with disease activity","volume":"200","author":"Larionova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12599","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012599","article-title":"Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies control oral Porphyromonas and Aggregatibacter species in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Arleevskaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584","article-title":"2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"69","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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