{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:12:29Z","timestamp":1792725149090,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Felty\u2019s syndrome was first described in 1924 by the US-American physician Augustus Roi Felty as a triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and leucopenia. Even nearly 100\u2009years later, this rare syndrome is still paralleled by diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Neutropenia with potentially life-threatening infections is the main problem and several pathomechanisms like Fas-mediated apoptosis, anti-neutrophil antibodies, anti-G-CSF antibodies, neutrophil consumption in the context of NETosis and suppression of granulopoiesis by T-LGLs have been suggested. Felty\u2019s syndrome has various differential diagnoses as splenomegaly and cytopenia are common features of different infectious diseases, malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, benign clonal T-\/NK-LGL lymphocytosis is increasingly noticed in Felty\u2019s syndrome, which further complicates diagnosis. Today\u2019s treatment options are still sparse and are largely based on case reports and small case series. Methotrexate is the mainstay of therapy, followed by rituximab, but there is less evidence for alternatives in the case of adverse reactions or failure of these drugs. This article gives an updated review about Felty\u2019s syndrome including its pathogenesis and treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1238405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:54:08Z","timestamp":1697532848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Felty\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wegscheider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Ferincz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Sch\u00f6ls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Maieron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.8881","article-title":"Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of large granular lymphocyte leukemias","volume":"56","author":"Oshimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2424","article-title":"Characteristics of T-cell large granular lymphocyte proliferations associated with neutropenia and inflammatory arthropathy","volume":"10","author":"Prochorec-Sobieszek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.225060","article-title":"Identification of a miR-146b-Fas ligand axis in the development of neutropenia in T large granular lymphocyte leukemia","volume":"105","author":"Mariotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.175729","article-title":"Somatic STAT3 mutations in Felty syndrome: an implication for a common pathogenesis with large granular lymphocyte leukemia","volume":"103","author":"Savola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/dyi9hd","article-title":"Prevalence of STAT3 mutations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia and Felty syndrome STAT3 mutations in RA-associated T-LGL leukaemia and FS\/V. Gorodetskiy et al","author":"Gorodetskiy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.4.393","article-title":"Major histocompatility complex haplotypic associations in Felty\u2019s syndrome and large granular lymphocyte syndrome are secondary to allelic association with HLA-DRB1*0401","volume":"39","author":"Coakley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2847","article-title":"Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo","volume":"18","author":"Yipp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040915","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) take the central stage in driving autoimmune responses","volume":"9","author":"Fousert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3933","article-title":"Specific post-translational histone modifications of neutrophil extracellular traps as immunogens and potential targets of lupus autoantibodies","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03033","article-title":"Differential ACPA binding to nuclear antigens reveals a PAD-independent pathway and a distinct subset of acetylation cross-reactive autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Lloyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33432","article-title":"Felty\u2019s syndrome autoantibodies bind to deiminated histones and neutrophil extracellular chromatin traps","volume":"64","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1803","article-title":"Primary and secondary autoimmune neutropenia","volume":"7","author":"Capsoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Cloning and expression of a novel human antibody-antigen pair associated with Felty\u2019s syndrome [internet]","author":"Ditzel","year":""},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20028","article-title":"Association of autoantibodies to glucose-6-phosphate isomerase with extraarticular complications in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"50","author":"van Gaalen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025502","article-title":"Raised levels of anti-glucose-6-phosphate isomerase IgG in serum and synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Schaller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.10.3219","article-title":"Chronic neutropenia mediated by fas ligand","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood [Internet]"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322.4","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2497","article-title":"Dual effects of soluble FASL and membrane bound FASL on fibroblast-like synoviocytes cells (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients","volume":"71","author":"Audo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.4.1449.h81602001449_1449_1453","article-title":"Blockade of Fas-dependent apoptosis by soluble Fas in LGL leukemia","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10497","article-title":"Autoantibodies against granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in Felty\u2019s syndrome and neutropenic systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Hellmich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260802","article-title":"Heterogeneity of bone marrow-directed immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neutropenia of felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Abdou","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200004)43:4<834::AID-ANR14>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"CD8+, CD57+ T cells from healthy elderly subjects suppress neutrophil development in vitro: implications for the neutropenia of Felty\u2019s and large granular lymphocyte syndromes","volume":"43","author":"Coakley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1978.03630280059020","article-title":"Splenectomy for Felty\u2019s syndrome. Clinicopathological study of 27 patients","volume":"138","author":"Laszlo","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"227","article-title":"The non-leukemic T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia variant with marked splenomegaly and neutropenia in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis-Felty syndrome and hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma mask [internet]","volume":"11","author":"Gorodetskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Blood Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.36.6.500","article-title":"Felty\u2019s syndrome. Clinical and serological analysis of 34 cases","volume":"36","author":"Sienknecht","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780110302","article-title":"Clinical and serologic observations on 27 patients with Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Ruderman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901283400405","article-title":"Pure red-cell aplasia associated with clonal expansion of granular lymphocytes expressing killer-cell inhibitory receptors","volume":"340","author":"Handgretinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050499","article-title":"Understanding how combinations of HLA and KIR genes influence disease","volume":"201","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05341.x","article-title":"Human leucocyte antigen class I and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor expression patterns in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia","volume":"128","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06374.x","article-title":"Are clonal T-cell large granular lymphocytes to blame for unexplained haematological abnormalities?","volume":"136","author":"Sabnani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.7.676","article-title":"Pure red cell aplasia associated with malignant thymoma, myasthenia gravis, polyclonal large granular lymphocytosis and clonal thymic T cell expansion","volume":"47","author":"Handa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280407","article-title":"Phagocytosis and intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Breedveld","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.35.6.510","article-title":"Defective responsiveness to ascorbic acid of neutrophil random and chemotactic migration in Felty\u2019s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"35","author":"Goetzl","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.40.4.370","article-title":"Polymorphonuclear cell function in rheumatoid arthritis and in Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Howe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.46.1.51","article-title":"Depressed superoxide radical generation by neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and neutropenia: correlation with neutrophil reactive IgG","volume":"46","author":"Davis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04757-4","article-title":"Analysis of a single-institution cohort of patients with Felty\u2019s syndrome and T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Gorodetskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199069020-00001","article-title":"The Felty syndrome: a case-matched study of clinical manifestations and outcome, serologic features, and immunogenetic associations","volume":"69","author":"Campion","year":"1990","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.30.4.359","article-title":"Felty\u2019s syndrome. A clinical and pathological survey of 21 patients and their response to treatment","volume":"30","author":"Barnes","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6405.1620","article-title":"Felty\u2019s syndrome presenting without arthritis","volume":"287","author":"Armstrong","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.7.816","article-title":"Leg ulcers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis\u2014a prospective study of aetiology, wound healing and pain reduction after pinch grafting","volume":"40","author":"Oien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370050111019","article-title":"Factors influencing the incidence of infections in Felty's syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Breedveld","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232470962110446","DOI":"10.1177\/23247096211044617","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in rheumatic disease: cases and review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90921-4","article-title":"Liver disease in Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Thorne","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9","article-title":"Incidence of malignancy in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Simon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10939","article-title":"Risk of malignant lymphomas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in their first-degree relatives","volume":"48","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21675","article-title":"Association of chronic inflammation, not its treatment, with increased lymphoma risk in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Baecklund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.8.722","article-title":"Extra-articular disease manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis: incidence trends and risk factors over 46 years","volume":"62","author":"Turesson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq135","article-title":"Changing trends in serious extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis among united state veterans over 20 years","volume":"49","author":"Bartels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204627","article-title":"The global burden of rheumatoid arthritis: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study","volume":"73","author":"Cross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2016.57.1.118","article-title":"HLA allele frequencies in 5802 koreans: varied allele types associated with SJS\/TEN according to culprit drugs","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23166","article-title":"The HLA-DRB1 shared epitope is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in African Americans through European genetic admixture","volume":"58","author":"Hughes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79690","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079690","article-title":"Diversity of extended HLA-DRB1 haplotypes in the Finnish population","volume":"8","author":"Wennerstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"et al","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"Swerdlow","year":""},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/107327489800500103","article-title":"Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia","volume":"5","author":"Lamy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.018481","article-title":"Analysis of a French cohort of patients with large granular lymphocyte leukemia: a report on 229 cases","volume":"95","author":"Bareau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.11-3-263","article-title":"Large granular lymphocyte leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Sokol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405077","article-title":"Lymphocyte subpopulation imbalances, bone marrow hematopoiesis and histopathology in rituximab-treated lymphoma patients with late-onset neutropenia","volume":"22","author":"Stamatopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748610","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.748610","article-title":"Large granular lymphocyte expansion in myeloid diseases and bone marrow failure syndromes: Whoever seeks finds","volume":"11","author":"Fattizzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-494930","article-title":"STAT3 mutations indicate the presence of subclinical T-cell clones in a subset of aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients","volume":"122","author":"Jerez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20981","article-title":"Transient monoclonal expansion of CD8+\/CD57+ T-cell large granular lymphocytes after primary cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"82","author":"Rossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.3.177","article-title":"Benign monoclonal expansion of CD8+ lymphocytes in HIV infection","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2018036","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2018.036","article-title":"Clonal T-cell large granular lymphocytic disorders manifesting in patients with HIV-1 infection: case series and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0079-RS","article-title":"Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: A clinicopathologic review with an emphasis on diagnostic differentiation from other T-cell\/natural killer-cell neoplasms","volume":"139","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15637","article-title":"Systematic review: Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma on biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, including data from the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system","volume":"51","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn751","article-title":"Hepatosplenic gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma: Clinicopathological features and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Falchook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(96)90024-7","article-title":"Treatment of the neutropenia of Felty syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Rashba","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.47.2.53","article-title":"Plasmapheresis therapy of immunologic disease report of nine cases and review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Calabrese","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cleve Clin Q [Internet]"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.4.476","article-title":"High-dose immunoglobulin in Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Ahern","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.8.908","article-title":"Methotrexate treatment in Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Wassenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290713","article-title":"Treatment of Felty\u2019s syndrome with low-dose oral methotrexate","volume":"29","author":"Allen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.9.658-a","article-title":"Worsening of Felty\u2019s syndrome with methotrexate","volume":"50","author":"Guillemin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000200326.17729.76","article-title":"Beneficial response to rituximab in refractory Felty syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Nicole","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042009000200010","article-title":"Rituximab in the refractory Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Fragoso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901206010312","article-title":"Targeted therapy with rituximab in Felty\u2019s syndrome: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Heylen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Rheumatol J"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i60","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu096.010","article-title":"Long-term remission of Felty\u2019s syndrome with rituximab","volume":"53","author":"Brockbank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology [Internet]"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2014.21.1.35","article-title":"Treatment with rituximab in a patient with refractory Felty syndrome and low rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rheumatic Dis"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.08.008","article-title":"Biological agents in the Management of Felty\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Narv\u00e1ez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025643","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of rituximab in Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Sordet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/24725625.2020.1717740","article-title":"Successful abatacept treatment for Felty\u2019s syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Kimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez262","article-title":"Efficacy of abatacept for Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Hamada-Ode","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11819","article-title":"Neutropenia in Felty\u2019s syndrome successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine","volume":"92","author":"Matthieu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheumatol.2014.026","article-title":"Presentation of three cases followed up with a diagnosis of Felty syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Yazici","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340228","article-title":"Felty\u2019s syndrome: response to cyclosporin a with disappearance of neutrophil autoantiboidies","volume":"34","author":"Camps","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601163140317","article-title":"Cyclosporine in Felty's syndrome","volume":"314","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"868","article-title":"Treatment of Felty\u2019s syndrome with leflunomide","volume":"28","author":"Talip","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh128","article-title":"Case report: response in proteinuria due to AA amyloidosis but not Felty\u2019s syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNF-\u03b1 blockade","volume":"43","author":"Ravindran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.032110","article-title":"Etanercept in treatment of Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Ghavami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04588-3","article-title":"Tocilizumab treatment in Felty\u2019s syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.280","article-title":"Tofacitinib as a novel salvage therapy for refractory T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"29","author":"Bilori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1142\/S2661341722720026","article-title":"Upadacitinib as novel treatment for rheumatoid arthritis with T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia: a","volume":"22","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Narrat Rev J Clin Rheumatol Immunol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19124090","article-title":"How glucocorticoids affect the neutrophil life","volume":"19","author":"Ronchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.1.49","article-title":"Treatment of Felty\u2019s syndrome with the haemopoietic growth factor granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)","volume":"91","author":"Stanworth","year":"1998","journal-title":"QJM"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1238405\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:54:13Z","timestamp":1697532853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1238405\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1238405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1238405","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"article-number":"1238405"}}