{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:43:40Z","timestamp":1767109420385,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has swept across the world and continues to exert serious adverse effects on vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and neonates. The vaccines available at present were designed to prevent infection from COVID-19 strains and control viral spread. Although the incidence of pregnancy cycle outcomes are not likely to increase patients vaccinated prior to pregnancy compared with unvaccinated patients based on our knowledge of vaccination safety, there is no specific evidence to support this hypothesis. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association between maternal vaccination prior to conception and pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 2,614 women who received prenatal care and delivered in the Obstetrical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between February 2022 and November 2022. Of the 1,380 eligible pregnant women, 899 women who had received preconception vaccination were assigned to a vaccine group and 481 women who were not vaccinated were control group. Of the enrolled patients, 291 women received fertility treatment (141 vaccinated women, 150 unvaccinated women). The primary outcomes were pregnancy complications (hypothyroidism, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, premature rupture of membranes and postpartum hemorrhage), obstetric outcomes (preterm birth rate, cesarean section rate) and neonatal outcomes (birth-weight, body length, low-birth-weight rate, rate of congenital defects, neonatal mortality and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications during pregnancy and delivery when compared between the vaccine group and control group in either univariate- or multivariate-models. The type of vaccine was not associated with the odds of adverse pregnancy outcome. Among the women with infertility treatment, the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group had similar pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who received COVID-19 vaccination prior to conception had similar maternal and neonatal outcomes as women who were unvaccinated. Our findings indicate that COVID-19 vaccinations can be safely administered prior to pregnancy in women who are planning pregnancy or assisted reproductive treatment. During new waves of COVID-19 infection, women who are planning pregnancy should be vaccinated as soon as possible to avoid subsequent infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1250165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T06:46:03Z","timestamp":1697006763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pregnancy outcomes following natural conception and assisted reproduction treatment in women who received COVID-19 vaccination prior to conception: a population-based cohort study in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yulu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guojing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biqi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangfang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111648","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its implications on the environment","volume":"201","author":"Facciol\u00e0","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.4255","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy with adverse peripartum outcomes","volume":"327","author":"Fell","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.03.021","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy","volume":"222","author":"Dashraath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.054","article-title":"An update on COVID-19 and pregnancy","volume":"226","author":"Jamieson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202204_28499","article-title":"COVID-19 and pregnancy: clinical outcomes and scientific evidence about vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Facciol\u00e0","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13533","article-title":"COVID-19 infection in pregnant women: review of maternal and fetal outcomes","volume":"152","author":"Salem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15552","article-title":"COVID-19: clinical status of vaccine development to date","volume":"89","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00703-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"Male","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2022.08.007","article-title":"COVID-19 and pregnancy: clinical outcomes; mechanisms, and vaccine efficacy","volume":"251","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E540","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.202604","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"193","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23729","article-title":"Short-term outcome of pregnant women vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"58","author":"Bookstein Peretz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107970","article-title":"Autoimmune phenomena following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"99","author":"Ishay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S347729","article-title":"No effect of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on in vitro fertilization outcomes: a propensity score-matched study","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.01.009","article-title":"The effect of coronavirus disease 2019 immunity on frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles outcome","volume":"117","author":"Aizer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e228625","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.8625","article-title":"Fresh embryo transfer cycle characteristics and outcomes following in vitro fertilization via intracytoplasmic sperm injection among patients with and without COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"5","author":"Jacobs","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2236609","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36609","article-title":"Association between time interval from COVID-19 vaccination to in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate after fresh embryo transfer","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00757-6","article-title":"Does mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine influence patients\u2019 performance during IVF-ET cycle?","volume":"19","author":"Orvieto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2247216","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.47216","article-title":"Association between COVID-19 vaccination and artificial insemination outcomes for couples experiencing infertility","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70109-8","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Teng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac003","article-title":"A clinical update on gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Sweeting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.01.029","article-title":"Micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0645-1136","article-title":"Transient isolated polyhydramnios and perinatal outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Berezowsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.04.016","article-title":"The amniotic fluid index and oligohydramnios: a deeper dive into the shallow end","volume":"227","author":"Wax","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"442","article-title":"Postpartum hemorrhage: prevention and treatment","volume":"95","author":"Evensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e217523","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.7523","article-title":"Association of maternal perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection with neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts","volume":"4","author":"Angelidou","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.07.049","article-title":"Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"224","author":"Kotlyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2021-0586-SA","article-title":"Fetal deaths in Ireland due to SARS-CoV-2 placentitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 alpha","volume":"146","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.05.016","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of birth in England: national cohort study","volume":"225","author":"Gurol-Urganci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.007","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: coverage and safety","volume":"226","author":"Blakeway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16941","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy: rate of vaccination and maternal and neonatal outcomes, a multicentre retrospective cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Rottenstreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2022.01.008","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"36","author":"Hahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30052-w","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Prasad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7563","article-title":"Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in pregnant and lactating women","volume":"325","author":"Collier","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.09.012","article-title":"Prenatal maternal COVID-19 vaccination and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Wainstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004713","article-title":"In vitro fertilization and early pregnancy outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination","volume":"139","author":"Aharon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03118-4","article-title":"Autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: from etiopathogenesis to clinical management","volume":"78","author":"Caron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01786-7","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines: a basic review of the preliminary evidence","volume":"45","author":"Jafarzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33240","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33240","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Almutairi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e150319","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI150319","article-title":"Efficient maternal to neonatal transfer of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"131","author":"Beharier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004438","article-title":"Antibody response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA vaccination in pregnant women and Transplacental passage into cord blood","volume":"138","author":"Prabhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28133","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28133","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 IgG \u201cheritage\u201d in newborn: a credit of maternal natural infection","volume":"95","author":"Marchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1793317","article-title":"Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women admitted for delivery: how to manage antibody testing?","volume":"35","author":"Cavaliere","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac160","article-title":"Inactivated COVID-19 vaccination does not affect in vitro fertilization outcomes in women","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24750","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome after in-vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection in women with congenital uterus didelphys","volume":"59","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1250165\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T06:46:10Z","timestamp":1697006770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1250165\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1250165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1250165","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"article-number":"1250165"}}