{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:34:23Z","timestamp":1792197263689,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within 5\u2009years of having acute pancreatitis (AP), approximately 20% of patients develop diabetes mellitus (DM), which later increases to approximately 40%. Some studies suggest that the prevalence of prediabetes (PD) and\/or DM can grow as high as 59% over time. However, information on risk factors is limited. We aimed to identify risk factors for developing PD or DM following AP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically searched three databases up to 4 September 2023 extracting direct, within-study comparisons of risk factors on the rate of new-onset PD and DM in AP patients. When PD and DM event rates could not be separated, we reported results for this composite outcome as PD\/DM. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 61 studies identified, 50 were included in the meta-analysis, covering 76,797 participants. The studies reported on 79 risk factors, and meta-analysis was feasible for 34 risk factor and outcome pairs. The odds of developing PD\/DM was significantly higher after severe and moderately severe AP (OR: 4.32; CI: 1.76\u201310.60) than mild AP. Hypertriglyceridemic AP etiology (OR: 3.27; CI: 0.17\u201363.91) and pancreatic necrosis (OR: 5.53; CI: 1.59\u201319.21) were associated with a higher risk of developing PD\/DM. Alcoholic AP etiology (OR: 1.82; CI: 1.09\u20133.04), organ failure (OR: 3.19; CI: 0.55\u201318.64), recurrent AP (OR: 1.89; CI: 0.95\u20133.77), obesity (OR: 1.85; CI: 1.43\u20132.38), chronic kidney disease (OR: 2.10; CI: 1.85\u20132.38), liver cirrhosis (OR: 2.48; CI: 0.18\u201334.25), and dyslipidemia (OR: 1.82; CI: 0.68\u20134.84) were associated with a higher risk of developing DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe and moderately severe AP, alcoholic and hypertriglyceridemic etiologies, pancreatic necrosis, organ failure, recurrent acute pancreatitis and comorbidities of obesity, chronic kidney disease liver disease, and dyslipidemia are associated with a higher risk of developing PD or DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration:<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier CRD42021281983.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1257222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:13:02Z","timestamp":1704773582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Risk factors for diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Olga Julia","family":"Zahariev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Bunduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienn","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Demeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Havelda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina Csilla","family":"Budai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1niel 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