{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:57:57Z","timestamp":1784782677117,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contact tracing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a key element of tuberculosis (TB) control in low TB incidence countries. A TB control and prevention program has been active in the Basque Country since 2003, including the development of the nurse case manager role and a unified electronic record. Three World Health Organization-approved LTBI regimens have been used: isoniazid for 6\u2009months (6H), rifampicin for 4\u2009months (4R), and isoniazid and rifampicin for 3\u2009months (3HR). Centralized follow-up by a TB nurse case manager started in January 2016, with regular telephone follow-up, telemonitoring of blood test results, and monitoring of adherence by electronic review of drugs dispensed in pharmacies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate LTBI treatment completion and toxicity of different preventive treatment regimens in a real-world setting. Secondary objective: to investigate the adherence to different approaches to preventive treatment monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected prospectively on contacts of patients with TB in five hospitals in Biscay from 2003 to 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 3,066 contacts with LTBI were included. The overall completion rate was 66.8%; 86.5% of patients on 3HR (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009699) completed treatment vs. 68.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,260) of those on 6H (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). The rate of toxicity was 3.8%, without significant differences between the regimens. A total of 394 contacts were monitored by a TB nurse case manager. In these patients, the completion rate was 85% vs. 67% in those under standard care (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). A multivariate logistic regression model identified three independent factors associated with treatment completion: being female, the 3HR regimen, and nurse telemonitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>3HR was well tolerated and associated with a higher rate of treatment completion. Patients with nurse telemonitoring follow-up had better completion rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1265057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:29:15Z","timestamp":1698751755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Latent tuberculosis infection treatment completion in Biscay: differences between regimens and monitoring approaches"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Ortiz Laza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Lopez Aranaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Toral Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Toja Uriarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Santos Zorrozua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Altube Urrengoechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Garros Garay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tabernero Huguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref3","author":"Aristegui","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802077","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02077-2018","article-title":"Guidance for programmatic management of latent tuberculosis infection in the European Union\/European economic area","volume":"53","author":"Rosales-Klintz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0510","article-title":"Rifampicin plus isoniazid for the prevention of tuberculosis in an immigrant population","volume":"17","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Fuentes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010101","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection treatment completion while shifting prescription from isoniazid-only to rifampicin-containing regimens: a two-decade experience in Milan, Italy","volume":"9","author":"Villa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix745","article-title":"QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube as a confirmatory test for tuberculin skin test in tuberculosis contact tracing: a noninferiority clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10733-9","article-title":"Seven-year retrospective study understanding the latent TB infection treatment cascade of care among adults in a low incidence country","volume":"21","author":"Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0823","article-title":"Can a peer-based intervention impact adherence to the treatment of latent tuberculous infection?","volume":"17","author":"Hirsch-Moverman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"701","article-title":"Treatment completion in latent tuberculosis infection at specialist tuberculosis units in Spain","volume":"14","author":"Anibarro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2020.12.021","article-title":"Estudio de contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis: organizaci\u00f3n y prevalencia de la infecci\u00f3n tuberculosa latente","volume":"57","author":"Gull\u00f3n Blanco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E151","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001077","article-title":"Factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection treatment failure among patients with commercial health insurance\u2014United States, 2005-2016","volume":"27","author":"Iqbal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0373","article-title":"Latent tuberculous infection in the United States and Canada: who completes treatment and why?. 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