{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:05:25Z","timestamp":1753891525708,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucosal immunity is strongly elicited in early stages of many respiratory and enteric infections; however, its role in tuberculosis pathogenesis has been scarcely explored. We aimed to investigate <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (Mtb) specific IgA levels in saliva in different stages of latent Tuberculosis Infection (TBI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multiplex bead-based Luminex immunoassay was developed to detect specific IgA against 12 highly immunogenic Mtb antigens. A prospective cohort of household contacts (&amp;gt;14 years) of pulmonary TB cases was established in Santiago, Chile. Contacts were classified as Mtb-infected or not depending on serial interferon-\u03b3 release assay results. Saliva samples were collected and tested at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mtb-specific IgA was detectable at all visits in all participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 168), including the \u201cnon-Mtb infected\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 64). Significantly higher median levels of IgA were found in the \u201cMtb infected\u201d compared to the uninfected for anti-lipoarabinomannan (LAM) (110 vs. 84.8 arbitrary units (AU), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), anti-PstS1 (117 vs. 83 AU, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), anti-Cell Membrane Fraction (CMF) (140 vs. 103 AU, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and anti-Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFP) (median 125 vs. 96 AU, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. Nonetheless, the discriminatory performance of these specific mucosal IgA for TBI diagnosis was low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Saliva holds Mtb-specific IgA against several antigens with increased levels for anti-LAM, anti-PstS1, anti-CMF and anti-CFP found in household contacts with an established TBI. The role of these mucosal antibodies in TB pathogenesis, and their kinetics in different stages of Mtb infection merits further exploring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1267670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T09:50:48Z","timestamp":1696585848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential levels of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IgAs in saliva of household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Cinthya","family":"Ruiz-Tagle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Naves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Schneiderhan-Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Elvira","family":"Balcells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"GenevaWorld Health Organization2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0974OC","article-title":"Negative and positive predictive value of a whole-blood interferon-\u03b3 release assay for developing active tuberculosis: an update","volume":"183","author":"Diel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043520","article-title":"Observational study of quantiferon\u00ae-TB gold in-tube assay in tuberculosis contacts in a low incidence area","volume":"7","author":"Bergot","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1158","article-title":"Performance of confirmatory interferon-\u03b3 release assays in school TB outbreaks","volume":"141","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix745","article-title":"QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube as a confirmatory test for tuberculin skin test in tuberculosis contact tracing: a noninferiority clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183258","article-title":"QuantiFERON\u00ae-TB gold in-tube for contact screening in BCG-vaccinated adults: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.02.006","article-title":"Discriminating between latent and active tuberculosis with multiple biomarker responses","volume":"91","author":"Frahm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2023.2240230","article-title":"Research tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection","volume":"23","author":"Alonzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30190-0","article-title":"Immunology of tuberculosis","volume":"77","author":"Dunlap","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-380.x","article-title":"Host responses and antigens involved in protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"45","author":"Andersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.5.940","article-title":"Antituberculous immunity: new solutions to an old problem","volume":"13","author":"Collins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.640168","article-title":"B-Cells and antibodies as contributors to effector immune responses in tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Rijnink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6901","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.6901","article-title":"Intracellular neutralization of virus by immunoglobulin A antibodies","volume":"89","author":"Mazanec","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(98)01208-6","article-title":"Antibody-mediated protection against intracellular pathogens","volume":"6","author":"Casadevall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15688","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15688","article-title":"A mAb recognizing a surface antigen of Mycobacterium","volume":"95","author":"Teitelbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.10.007","article-title":"Induction of a protective response with an IgA monoclonal antibody against Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16 kDa protein in a model of progressive pulmonary infection","volume":"299","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/35084083","article-title":"The heparin-binding haemagglutinin of M. tuberculosis is required for extrapulmonary dissemination","volume":"412","author":"Pethe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90192-F","article-title":"Does antibody to mycobacterial antigens, including lipoarabinomannan, limit dissemination in childhood tuberculosis?","volume":"86","author":"Costello","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw141","article-title":"Association of human antibodies to arabinomannan with enhanced mycobacterial opsonophagocytosis and intracellular growth reduction","volume":"214","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0218-2021","article-title":"The role of antibodies in tuberculosis diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy: a review from the ESGMYC study group","volume":"31","author":"Melkie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1692657","article-title":"Mucosal delivery of tuberculosis vaccines: a review of current approaches and challenges","volume":"18","author":"Stylianou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v5i0.20401","article-title":"Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity","volume":"5","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0872","article-title":"M. tuberculosis DNA detection in nasopharyngeal mucosa can precede tuberculosis development in contacts","volume":"20","author":"Balcells","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"404","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction of nasal swabs from tuberculosis patients and their contacts","volume":"64","author":"Warndorff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.080","article-title":"Microfold cells actively translocate Mycobacterium tuberculosis to initiate infection","volume":"16","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.11.032","article-title":"Role of IgA in the defense against respiratory infections: IgA deficient mice exhibited increased susceptibility to intranasal infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG","volume":"23","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxl017","article-title":"Polymeric IgR knockout mice are more susceptible to mycobacterial infections in the respiratory tract than wild-type mice","volume":"18","author":"Tj\u00e4rnlund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000500011","article-title":"Larrea C, L\u00f3pez D, Fandi\u00f1o C, Maldonado A, et al. Study of the antibody response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in Warao Amerindian children in Venezuela","volume":"99","author":"Araujo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822006000500007","article-title":"The secretory immunoglobulin A response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a childhood population","volume":"39","author":"De Larrea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"129","article-title":"Salivary sIg-A response against the recombinant AG38 antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Indonesian strain","volume":"7","author":"Raras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00354-07","article-title":"Profiling antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by multiplex microbead suspension arrays for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12097","article-title":"Plasma antibody profiles in non-human primate tuberculosis","volume":"43","author":"Ravindran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Primatol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis421","article-title":"Proteome-scale antibody responses and outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in nonhuman primates and in tuberculosis patients","volume":"206","author":"Kunnath-Velayudhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009080107","article-title":"Dynamic antibody responses to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome","volume":"107","author":"Kunnath-Velayudhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05304-11","article-title":"Plasma antibody profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00213-13","article-title":"Exploratory study on plasma immunomodulator and antibody profiles in tuberculosis patients","volume":"20","author":"Ravindran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201600033","article-title":"A standardized production pipeline for high profile targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Milewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteomics - Clin Appl."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix023","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of tuberculosis-specific IgG antibody profiles in patients with presumptive tuberculosis from two continents","volume":"64","author":"Broger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing","year":"2020","key":"B39"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2888-7","article-title":"Comparison of pre-processing methods for multiplex bead-based immunoassays","volume":"17","author":"Rausch","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"volume-title":"WHO Global Lists of High Burden Countries for Tuberculosis (TB), TB\/HIV and TB (MDR\/RR-TB)","year":"2021","key":"B41"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1714488","article-title":"ATP-binding cassette (ABC) import systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: target for drug and vaccine development","volume":"9","author":"Soni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.09.005","article-title":"Lipoarabinomannan, and its related glycolipids, induce divergent and opposing immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis depending on structural diversity and experimental variations","volume":"96","author":"K\u00e4llenius","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberculosis."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00580-09","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides confer protection to Mycobacterium bovis BCG-primed mice by inhibiting interleukin-4 secretion","volume":"77","author":"Da Fonseca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0441-3","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3-independent immune markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz785","article-title":"Changes in transcript, metabolite, and antibody reactivity during the early protective immune response in humans to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"71","author":"Weiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Inf Dis"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11290","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11290","article-title":"T-cell activation is an immune correlate of risk in BCG vaccinated infants","volume":"7","author":"Fletcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611776114","article-title":"Latently and uninfected healthcare workers exposed to TB make protective antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606330","article-title":"Human isotype-dependent inhibitory antibody responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2017.02.003","article-title":"Variable BCG efficacy in rhesus populations: pulmonary BCG provides protection where standard intra-dermal vaccination fails","volume":"104","author":"Verreck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tuberculosis."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv503","article-title":"Pulmonary but not subcutaneous delivery of BCG vaccine confers protection to tuberculosis-susceptible mice by an interleukin 17-dependent mechanism","volume":"212","author":"Aguilo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0319-9","article-title":"Prevention of tuberculosis infection and disease by local BCG in repeatedly exposed rhesus macaques","volume":"25","author":"Dijkman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0109-1","article-title":"Enhanced protection conferred by mucosal BCG vaccination associates with presence of antigen-specific lung tissue-resident PD-1 + KLRG1 \u2013 CD4 + T cells","volume":"12","author":"Bull","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.9.1714-1719.1988","article-title":"Yernault J. Humoral immune response in human tuberculosis : immunoglobulins G, A, and M directed against the purified p32 protein antigen of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-gu\u00e9rin","volume":"26","author":"Turneer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"1137","article-title":"The serodiagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"135","author":"Daniel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.3.471-475.1987","article-title":"Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 epitopes by using a panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies","volume":"25","author":"Olds","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B57","first-page":"65","article-title":"Universal occurrence of antibodies to tubercle bacilli in sera from non-tuberculous and tuberculous individuals","volume":"13","author":"Bardana","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.057","article-title":"The link between genetic variation and variability in vaccine responses: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"32","author":"Posteraro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.8.3936-3940.1998","article-title":"Heterogeneous antibody responses in tuberculosis","volume":"66","author":"Lyashchenko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2687-z","article-title":"Suitability of saliva for Tuberculosis diagnosis: comparing with serum","volume":"17","author":"Namuganga","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.02.004","article-title":"Host biomarkers detected in saliva show promise as markers for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis disease and monitoring of the response to tuberculosis treatment","volume":"81","author":"Jacobs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160546","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of novel salivary host biomarkers as candidates for the immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and monitoring of tuberculosis treatment response","volume":"11","author":"Jacobs","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/981984","article-title":"Differential expression of host biomarkers in saliva and serum samples from individuals with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis","author":"Phalane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2001.113778","volume":"85","author":"Humphrey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.11.007","article-title":"The effect of saliva composition on texture perception of semi-solids","volume":"52","author":"Engelen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/jtxs.12356","article-title":"Aging-related changes in quantity and quality of saliva: Where do we stand in our understanding?","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Texture Stud."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1267670\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T09:50:54Z","timestamp":1696585854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1267670\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1267670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1267670","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"article-number":"1267670"}}