{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:25:19Z","timestamp":1784046319086,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to investigate gestational age at birth of women after induction of fetal lung maturation (antenatal corticosteroids\u2009=\u2009ACS) because of imminent preterm birth (PTB), and to quantify incidence of late PTB (gestational age\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009260\u2009days) and extreme immaturity (gestational age\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009196\u2009days) in relation to several diagnoses (PPROM, placental bleeding, premature labor, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, amniotic infection syndrome (AIS), cervical insufficiency) and risk factors (age\u2009&amp;gt;\u200935, history of preterm delivery, multifetal gestation, gestational diabetes, hypertension, nicotine abuse).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was designed as a retrospective cohort trial, in which the data of all births taking place in 2016 in the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate were evaluated. Frequency analyses, subgroup analysis (Chi-square tests and Friedman\u2019s tests), as well as multinomial logistic regressions and linear regressions were used to determine odds ratios (OR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,544 patients were included who had been hospitalized due to an imminent PTB and had received ACS, of whom 52% had a late PTB and 8% a PTB with extreme immaturity. Regarding the gestational age at birth, there were only minor differences between the individual risk factors and diagnoses, only AIS patients showed a significantly lower gestational age (mean: 207\u2009days). A significantly increased risk of PTB with extreme immaturity was found in patients with AIS (OR\u2009=\u20095.57) or placental bleeding (OR\u2009=\u20092.10).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a need for further research in order to be able to apply therapeutic measures more accurately in relation to risk factors and diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1285306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:20:56Z","timestamp":1704774056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gestational age at birth in pregnancies with antenatal corticosteroid administration in relation to risk factors: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Joachim","family":"Graf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Abele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Pauluschke-Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12281","article-title":"Preterm birth time trends in Europe: a study of 19 countries","volume":"120","author":"Zeitlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000437385.88715.4a","article-title":"Committee opinion no 579: definition of term 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