{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:01:11Z","timestamp":1753891271793,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine vitamin C plasma kinetics, through the measurement of vitamin C plasma concentrations, in critically ill Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, identifying eventually the onset of vitamin C deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, observational, single-center study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. Study period from November 12th, 2020, to February 24th, 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who had a severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma vitamin C concentrations were measured on days 1, 5, and 10 of ICU admission. There were no vitamin C enteral nor parenteral supplementation. The supportive treatment was performed following the standard of care or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurement<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma vitamin C concentrations were analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system with a photodiode array detector (wavelength set to 245\u2009nm). We categorized plasmatic levels of vitamin C as follows: undetectable: &amp;lt; 1,5 mg\/L, deficiency: &amp;lt;2\u2009mg\/L. Low plasma concentrations: 2\u20135\u2009mg\/L; (normal plasma concentration: &amp;gt; 5\u2009mg\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-three patients were included (65% men; mean age 62 \u00b1\u200910\u2009years). The median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 3 (1\u20134), and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System (APACHE II) score was 13 (10\u201322). Five patients had shock. Bacterial coinfection was documented in 7 patients (16%). Initially all patients required high-flow oxygen therapy, and 23 (53%) further needed invasive mechanical ventilation during 21 (\u00b1 10) days. The worst PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> registered was 93 (\u00b1 29). ICU and hospital survival were 77 and 74%, respectively. Low or undetectable levels remained constant throughout the study period in the vast majority of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This observational study showed vitamin C plasma levels were undetectable on ICU admission in 86% of patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia requiring respiratory support. This finding remained consistent throughout the study period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1301001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T08:59:00Z","timestamp":1703062740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vitamin C deficiency in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Chiscano-Cam\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Ruiz-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika 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