{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:46:32Z","timestamp":1793166392845,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a spectrum of disorders often complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH) in its course. The pathophysiologic mechanism of WHO group 3 PH is different to other forms of PH. The advent of PH is a harbinger for adverse events like mortality and morbidity, implying that the PH component of disease expedites deteriorated clinical outcomes. In fact, WHO group 3 PH due to ILD has the worse prognosis among all groups of PH. Hence, early detection of PH by a comprehensive screening method is paramount. Given considerable overlap in clinical manifestations between ILD and PH, early detection of PH is often elusive. Despite, the treatment of PH due to ILD has been frustrating until recently. Clinical trials utilizing PAH-specific pulmonary vasodilators have been ongoing for years without desired results. Eventually, the INCREASE study (2018) demonstrated beneficial effect of inhaled Treprostinil to treat PH in ILD. In view of this pioneering development, a paradigm shift in clinical approach to this disease phenotype is happening. There is a renewed vigor to develop a well validated screening tool for early detection and management. Currently inhaled Treprostinil is the only FDA approved therapy to treat this phenotype, but emergence of a therapy has opened a plethora of research toward new drug developments. Regardless of all these recent developments, the overall outlook still remains grim in this condition. This review article dwells on the current state of knowledge of pre-capillary PH due to ILD, especially its diagnosis and management, the recent progresses, and future evolutions in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1306032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T23:34:52Z","timestamp":1705448092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Evolution of pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease: a journey through past, present, and future"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorden","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Raheel","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Askin","family":"Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose D.","family":"Herazo-Maya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debabrata","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319970","article-title":"Group 3 pulmonary hypertension: from bench to bedside.","volume":"130","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18811.1","article-title":"The 6th world symposium on pulmonary hypertension: what\u2019s old is new.","volume":"8","author":"Condon","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12127","article-title":"Clinical significance of pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease: a consensus statement from the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute\u2019s innovative drug development initiative-Group 3 pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"12","author":"Nikkho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.02.016","article-title":"The Giessen pulmonary hypertension registry: survival in pulmonary hypertension subgroups.","volume":"36","author":"Gall","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008470","article-title":"Inhaled treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease.","volume":"384","author":"Waxman","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00272-2022","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease: an area of unmet clinical need.","volume":"8","author":"Dhont","year":"2022","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2393","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"128","author":"Nadrous","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00545-2018","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of WHO group 3 pulmonary hypertension in advanced idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.","volume":"52","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00010414","article-title":"A haemodynamic study of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.","volume":"44","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2021.2027","article-title":"Spectrum of interstitial lung diseases and their association with pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"92","author":"Tyagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00038709","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome.","volume":"35","author":"Cottin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000701","article-title":"An update on sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"26","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulmon Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0399-1","article-title":"Healthcare burden of pulmonary hypertension owing to lung disease and\/or hypoxia.","volume":"17","author":"Heresi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.112847","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular resistance predicts early mortality in patients with diffuse fibrotic lung disease and suspected pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"64","author":"Corte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1159\/000345221","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension as a prognostic indicator at the initial evaluation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"85","author":"Kimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respiration."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2405LE","article-title":"Disproportionate right ventricular dysfunction and poor survival in group 3 pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"197","author":"Prins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011464","article-title":"Clinical determinants and prognostic implications of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic lung disease.","volume":"8","author":"Prins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2012.03.005","article-title":"Right ventricular dysfunction in chronic lung disease.","volume":"30","author":"Kolb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.6.1649","article-title":"Right ventricular dilatation, right ventricular wall thickening, and Doppler evidence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with a pure restrictive ventilatory impairment.","volume":"106","author":"Shivkumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894018775056","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung diseases: comparison to other pulmonary hypertension groups.","volume":"8","author":"Chebib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.04.046","article-title":"The trouble with group 3 pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease: dilemmas in diagnosis and the conundrum of treatment.","volume":"158","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.3.746","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of pulmonary arterial hypertension in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"129","author":"Lettieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00115511","article-title":"Acute exacerbations and pulmonary hypertension in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"40","author":"Judge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1159\/000524263","article-title":"The effect of borderline pulmonary hypertension on survival in chronic lung disease.","volume":"101","author":"Piccari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respiration."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.07.005","article-title":"Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: an update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.","volume":"40","author":"Leard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0220-2021","article-title":"Recent advances in the management of pulmonary hypertension with interstitial lung disease.","volume":"31","author":"Waxman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317","article-title":"2015 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the joint task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT).","volume":"37","author":"Gali\u00e8,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00879-2022","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"2022","author":"Humbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12213","article-title":"Pathogenesis, clinical features, and phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease: a consensus statement from the pulmonary vascular research institute\u2019s innovative drug development initiative - group 3 pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"13","author":"Piccari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7270.2007.00249.x","article-title":"Hypoxia induces transforming growth factor-beta1 gene expression in the pulmonary artery of rats via hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha.","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100310","article-title":"Key role of the endothelial TGF-\u03b2\/ALK1\/endoglin signaling pathway in humans and rodents pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"9","author":"Gore","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2019-000532","article-title":"Pulmonary vasculopathy in explanted lungs from patients with interstitial lung disease undergoing lung transplantation.","volume":"7","author":"Dotan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.18.4.533","article-title":"The pathology of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease; a description of six grades of structural changes in the pulmonary arteries with special reference to congenital cardiac septal defects.","author":"Heath","year":"1958","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201810061","article-title":"Histological hallmarks and role of Slug\/PIP axis in pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"11","author":"Ruffenach","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs060","article-title":"AntagomiR directed against miR-20a restores functional BMPR2 signalling and prevents vascular remodelling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"35","author":"Brock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L98","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00034.2007","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in Bmpr2 mutant mice is associated with endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary vasculature.","volume":"294","author":"Frank","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15285","article-title":"Dysregulation of BMP9\/BMPR2\/SMAD signalling pathway contributes to pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension induced by bleomycin in rats.","volume":"178","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B38","article-title":"Bayesian inference associates rare KDR variants with specific phenotypes in pulmonary arterial hypertension.","volume":"14","author":"Swietlik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Genom Precis Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.02.012","article-title":"Screening strategies for pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease: a multidisciplinary Delphi study.","volume":"162","author":"Rahaghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.05.012","article-title":"Prediction of pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"101","author":"Zisman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.PA861","article-title":"Evaluation of FVC\/DLCO ratio as a predictor for pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung diseases.","author":"Eid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-020-00346-1","article-title":"Can a new scoring system improve prediction of pulmonary hypertension in newly recognised interstitial lung diseases?","volume":"198","author":"Sobiecka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12197","article-title":"Noninvasive determinants of pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease.","volume":"13","author":"Joseph","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01532-2015","article-title":"Pulmonary artery size as a predictor of outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"47","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.120","article-title":"Combined BNP and echocardiographic assessment in interstitial lung disease for pulmonary hypertension detection.","volume":"178","author":"Palazzuoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1130OC","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced lung disease.","volume":"167","author":"Arcasoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13250","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease: limitations of echocardiography compared to cardiac catheterization.","volume":"23","author":"Keir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.12.011","article-title":"Role of BNP and echo measurement for pulmonary hypertension recognition in patients with interstitial lung disease: an algorithm application model.","volume":"109","author":"Ruocco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"B49","first-page":"2018","author":"Colin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulmonary Hypertension Core Competency Curriculum (ISHLT PH CCC)."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OA5000","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2015.OA5000","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease \u2013 Results from COMPERA.","volume":"46","author":"Gr\u00fcnig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1874OC","article-title":"BUILD-3: a randomized, controlled trial of bosentan in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"184","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-9-201305070-00003","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with ambrisentan: a parallel, randomized trial.","volume":"158","author":"Raghu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1002110","article-title":"A controlled trial of sildenafil in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"363","author":"Zisman","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811737","article-title":"Nintedanib plus sildenafil in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"379","author":"Kolb","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30356-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sildenafil added to pirfenidone in patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and risk of pulmonary hypertension: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial.","volume":"9","author":"Behr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14399","article-title":"PDE5 to keep them alive: the use of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors in severe pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease.","volume":"28","author":"Weatherald","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respirology."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14378","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor treatment and survival in interstitial lung disease pulmonary hypertension: a Bayesian retrospective observational cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Dawes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0446OC","article-title":"Bosentan in pulmonary hypertension associated with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.","volume":"190","author":"Corte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30250-4","article-title":"Riociguat for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia-associated pulmonary hypertension (RISE-IIP): a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b study.","volume":"7","author":"Nathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.016","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pulsed, inhaled nitric oxide in subjects at risk of pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"158","author":"Nathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B61","author":"Wexler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phase 3 trial of INOpulse fails to meet primary, secondary goals Pulmonary fibrosis new."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2101","article-title":"Sildenafil improves walk distance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"131","author":"Collard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-732OC","article-title":"BUILD-1: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of bosentan in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"177","author":"King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1594","article-title":"Sildenafil preserves exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and right-sided ventricular dysfunction.","volume":"143","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27466","article-title":"Randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled trial of bosentan in interstitial lung disease secondary to systemic sclerosis.","volume":"62","author":"Seibold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthr Rheum."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00104612","article-title":"Macitentan for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the randomised controlled MUSIC trial.","volume":"42","author":"Raghu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204150","article-title":"Changes in right heart haemodynamics and echocardiographic function in an advanced phenotype of pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction associated with pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"69","author":"Saggar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.09.007","article-title":"Inhaled treprostinil dosage in pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease and its effects on clinical outcomes.","volume":"163","author":"Nathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402584","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"370","author":"Richeldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01914-2018","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease and hypoxia.","volume":"53","author":"Nathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00081512","article-title":"Effects of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with interstitial lung disease.","volume":"42","author":"Huppmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202206-1186ED","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension caused by interstitial lung disease: a new iNK(T)ling into disease pathobiology.","volume":"206","author":"Hersi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1306032\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T23:34:56Z","timestamp":1705448096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1306032\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2023.1306032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1306032","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"article-number":"1306032"}}