{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:09:23Z","timestamp":1793383763373,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease originating in the sebaceous gland units of the skin follicles. Isotretinoin is presently the primary choice for the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, it could induce several adverse reactions like diarrhea, cheilitis, headache, elevated triglyceride levels and risk of inflammatory bowel disease and depression. Hence, it is imperative to seek an alternative therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred five patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, and received a baseline treatment of oral doxycycline for the initial 4\u2009weeks. Group I received isotretinoin oral for 12\u2009weeks; Group P received oral <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> MH-301 treatment for 12\u2009weeks; Group IP received combined treatment with oral probiotics and oral isotretinoin for 12\u2009weeks. The number of skin lesions was recorded at 0, 4, 8, and 12\u2009weeks during the treatment to compare the efficacy of each intervention, and skin and fecal samples were collected from patients at 12\u2009weeks for high-throughput sequencing to explore the microbiota differences between various groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results revealed that the combination of <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> MH-301 with isotretinoin significantly reduced the number of skin lesions in patients compared to using <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> MH-301 and isotretinoin alone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Additionally, skin microbiome High-throughput analysis indicated the restorative effects of <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> MH-301 on skin microbial diversity while also observing a reduction in the main microbiota of skin lesions, <jats:italic>Propionibacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>. Meanwhile, gut microbiome High-throughput analysis showed that it could regulate disorders of the intestinal microbiota and increased the abundance of probiotics such as <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coprococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> genera.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> MH-301 could be used in combination with isotretinoin for optimal results in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The research conducted provides theoretical and data support for the adjuvant effect of <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> in the treatment of acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:ext-link>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>], identifier (ChiCTR2200063499).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1340068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:38:36Z","timestamp":1704775116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lactobacillus plantarum MH-301 as an effective adjuvant to isotretinoin in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized and open-label 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