{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:43:26Z","timestamp":1791495806260,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal health and a receptive and healthy endometrium are two essential factors in achieving successful implantation. If the endometrium is unreceptive, postponing the transfer cycle to a suitable time can enhance the chances of pregnancy. This study aims to assess the impact of endometrial and sub-endometrial blood flows measured by Doppler ultrasound, as well as endometrial volume, on endometrial receptivity in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>112 patients with a mean age of 33.93\u2009\u00b1\u20094.93\u2009years underwent <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF). Serum \u03b2-hCG level was used to confirm pregnancy, and among the participants, 50 (44.6%) achieved pregnancy after IVF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study results revealed a significant difference in endometrial blood flow between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups, with a higher pregnancy rate observed in participants exhibiting multi-focal and spare endometrial blood flows (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, there was a notable association between endometrial blood flow and pregnancy outcome, as indicated by higher ongoing pregnancy rates in those with multi-focal and spare endometrial blood flows (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). However, no significant differences were observed in endometrial variables such as volume, length, width, thickness, and pattern between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Additionally, contextual parameters showed no significant relationship with pregnancy outcome (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). The study also found that endometrial measurement indices did not have a significant impact on pregnancy outcomes, with no significant differences observed between the groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, endometrial blood flow is crucial for a successful pregnancy after IVF, while the predictive value of the endometrial volume is limited for pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1260960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T04:44:42Z","timestamp":1712551482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enhancing endometrial receptivity in FET cycles: exploring the influence of endometrial and subendometrial blood flow along with endometrial volume"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vajihe","family":"Hazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Sarvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Alyasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Agha-Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Hosseinimousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"In vitro fertilization","author":"Choe","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"In vitro and other assisted reproductive technology","volume-title":"Chestnut\u2019s obstetric anesthesia: principles and practice E-Book","author":"Tsen","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm011","article-title":"The role of the endometrium and embryo in human implantation","volume":"13","author":"Diedrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy044","article-title":"Conventional and modern markers of endometrial receptivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Craciunas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2015.1072646","article-title":"How should we choose the\u2019 best\u2019 embryo? A commentary on behalf of the British fertility society and the Association of Clinical Embryologists","volume":"18","author":"Bolton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.82357","article-title":"Predictive value of endometrial thickness, pattern and sub-endometrial blood flows on the day of hCG by 2D doppler in in-vitro fertilization cycles: A prospective clinical study from a tertiary care unit","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.138872","article-title":"Correlation of subendometrial-endometrial blood flow assessment by two-dimensional power Doppler with pregnancy outcome in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles","volume":"7","author":"Sardana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118804421","article-title":"The role of endometrial volume and endometrial and subendometrial vascularization parameters in a frozen embryo transfer cycle","volume":"26","author":"Mayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03223-5","article-title":"Assessment of uterine receptivity by the endometrial-subendometrial blood flow distribution pattern in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer","volume":"78","author":"Chien","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.06.006","article-title":"The role of endometrial blood flow measured by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in the prediction of pregnancy during in vitro fertilization treatment","volume":"135","author":"Ng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-122","article-title":"Role of endometrial blood flow assessment with color Doppler energy in predicting pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET cycles","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.21608\/egyfs.2020.116499","article-title":"IS three D power Doppler of the endometrial and sub endometrial regions effective in predicting endometrial implantation? Prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Souidan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egyptian J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-019-0507-6","article-title":"Subendometrial resistence and pulsatility index assessment of endometrial receptivity in assisted reproductive technology cycles","volume":"17","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.21608\/asmj.2019.101245","article-title":"Role of 2d Doppler ultrasound on the day of embryo transfer in predicting pregnancy in Icsi","volume":"70","author":"Ragheb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ain Shams Med J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136148","article-title":"Description of circadian rthythm in uterine artery blood flow during the peri ovulatory period","volume":"10","author":"Ziadi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2013.05.007","article-title":"Detection of endometrial and subendometrial vasculature on the day of embryo transfer and prediction of pregnancy during fresh in vitro fertilization cycles","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Taiwanese J Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"251","article-title":"The relationship between uterine artery two-dimensional color doppler measurement and pregnancy outcome: A prospective observational study","volume":"18","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"63","article-title":"Three dimensional endometrial volume versus endometrial thickness measurement in prediction of IVF\/ICSI outcome","volume":"10","author":"Aboulghar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.11.2851","article-title":"Assessment of endometrial volume by three-dimensional ultrasound prior to embryo transfer: clues to endometrial receptivity","volume":"14","author":"Raga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2332-4","article-title":"3D-endometrial volume and outcome of cryopreserved embryo replacement cycles","volume":"286","author":"Zollner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.004","article-title":"Endometrial volume as assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound is a predictor of pregnancy outcome after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer","volume":"80","author":"Zollner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.02.029","article-title":"Are endometrial parameters by three dimensional ultrasound and power Doppler angiography related to in vitro fertilization\/embryo transfer outcome?","volume":"89","author":"Merce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.2.125","article-title":"Assessment of endometrial receptivity by transvaginal color Doppler and three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures","volume":"20","author":"Kupesic","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01493-X","article-title":"Role of three-dimensional ultrasonographic measurement of endometrium volume as a predictor of pregnancy outcome in an IVF-ET program: a preliminary study","volume":"74","author":"Yaman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14319","article-title":"Association between endometrial\/subendometrial vasculature and embryo transfer outcome: a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101767","article-title":"Endometrial volume measured on the day of embryo transfer is not associated with live birth rates in IVF: a prospective study and review of the literature. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human","volume":"49","author":"Boza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20193057","article-title":"Uterine scoring system for reproduction scoring correlation with pregnancy rate in infertility patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer","volume":"8","author":"Shivtare","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-015-0742-5","article-title":"Ultrasonography and doppler study to predict uterine receptivity in infertile patients undergoing embryo transfer","volume":"66","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol India"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1260960\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T04:44:49Z","timestamp":1712551489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1260960\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2024.1260960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1260960","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"article-number":"1260960"}}