{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T20:14:11Z","timestamp":1769372051830,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Night blindness is the first sign of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which can lead to blindness if left untreated. University students may be at risk of VAD-related night blindness due to unhealthy eating attitudes and inadequate vitamin A intake. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward vitamin A consumption affecting night blindness in university students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study involved 409 third-year university students of Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia. Participants completed questionnaires about socio-demographics, their knowledge of vitamin A, and attitudes toward vitamin A consumption. Night blindness symptoms among university students were assessed using the Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ), followed by a bivariate analysis of the Chi-Square test. Multivariate binary logistic regressions were used to determine whether the independent variables were associated with night blindness. A <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value less than 0.05 indicated significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of high-symptom night blindness was higher among males (26.4%) than females (5.7%). Out of 409 university students, 48 from the non-medicine cluster of the study program had a night blindness symptom. The prevalence was lower in students who studied in the medicine cluster program. The level of knowledge on vitamin A had a significant relationship with symptoms of night blindness [prevalence ratio (PR)\u2009=\u20092.239 (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.110\u20134.516)]. The attitudes toward vitamin A consumption were significantly associated with night blindness (PR\u2009=\u20092.560, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.215\u20135.392).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study show that the risk of night blindness in university students can be prevented by increasing their knowledge and attitudes toward consuming vitamin A-rich food. The university can provide health promotion and vitamin A supplementation to avoid night blindness among academia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1309837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T04:57:53Z","timestamp":1714107473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Knowledge and attitudes about vitamin A consumption and its relationship with night blindness in university students"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Suparmi","family":"Suparmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harka","family":"Prasetya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atik","family":"Rahmawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Millam Shinta","family":"Lailaulaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology","author":"Hall","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Vitamin A dan perannya dalam siklus sel","volume":"4","author":"Sanif","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Kedokt dan Kesehat Publ Ilm Fak Kedokt Univ Sriwij"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Vitamin A deficiency","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Vitamin A deficiency","author":"Hodge","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2013.01.002","article-title":"Reversible night blindness \u2013 a reminder of the increasing importance of vitamin A deficiency in the developed world","volume":"6","author":"Clifford","year":"2013","journal-title":"J 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