{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:00:54Z","timestamp":1753891254168,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of urinary autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been confirmed by several studies; however, the significance of their presence in urine remains unclear. This study aims to further investigate the association between urine autoantibodies and disease activity as well as organ involvement in SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 89 SLE patients. Data collected included anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-ENA antibodies, and anti-dsDNA antibody levels in both serum and urine, complement (C) 3, C4 levels in serum, SLE disease activity index-2000 (SLEDAI-2000), renal domains of SLEDAI (RSLEDAI) and non-renal SLEDAI (NRSLEDAI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of positive urine ANA (uANA) was 33.3% (29\/87) among the enrolled patients. Compared to the uANA negative group, the positive group exhibited significantly higher SLEDAI-2000 scores (7.85\u2009\u00b1\u20095.88 vs. 18.69\u2009\u00b1\u20096.93, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), RSLEDAI scores [0 (0, 4.0) vs. 12.0 (8.0, 16.0), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001], and NRSLEDAI [4 (2.0, 8.0) vs. 6.0 (4.0, 9.5), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038]. Patients with positive urine anti-Sm antibody demonstrated significantly elevated SLEDAI-2000 scores compared to those who were negative (25.0\u2009\u00b1\u20098.80 vs. 10.09\u2009\u00b1\u20096.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001). Similarly, they also had higher RSLEDAI [16.0 (12.0, 16.0) vs. 4.0 (0, 8.0), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001] and NRSLEDAI [9.5 (6.0, 13.5) vs. 4.0 (3.0, 8.0), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.012], as well as a greater prevalence of renal involvement compared to their negative counterparts (100% vs. 58.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.022). There was a positive correlation between uANA titer and both SLEDAI-2000 (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> =\u20090.663, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001) and RSLEDAI (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> =\u20090.662, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001). The serum anti-dsDNA antibody level did not exhibit a significant correlation with RSLEDAI (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> =\u20090.143, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.182). Conversely, the urine anti-dsDNA antibody level demonstrated a significant positive correlation with RSLEDAI (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> =\u20090.529, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urine ANA is associated with both global SLEDAI and RSLEDAI scores. Urine anti-Sm antibody is associated with an increased incidence of renal involvement in SLE. The urine anti-dsDNA antibody level, rather than the serum anti-dsDNA antibody level, exhibits a significant association with RSLEDAI in SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1346609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T12:36:24Z","timestamp":1705667784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of urine autoantibodies with disease activity in systemic lupus 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