{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:01:17Z","timestamp":1753891277862,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recreational divers who have experienced Spinal Decompression Sickness (DCS) often aspire to return to their diving activities. Traditionally, it is recommended to observe a waiting period of several months before contemplating a return to unrestricted diving, particularly when clinical symptoms are absent, spinal cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows no anomalies, and the evaluation for Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) returns negative results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article presents a compelling case study involving a 51-year-old recreational scuba diver who encountered two episodes of spinal decompression illness within a two-year timeframe. Notably, the search for a PFO produced negative results. The primary objective of this article is to underscore the critical importance of a meticulously planned approach to resuming diving after DCS incidents, emphasizing the potential for recurrence and the essential preventive measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We delve into the intricate decision-making process for returning to diving, emphasizing the significance of clinical evaluations, PFO assessments, spinal cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and the absence of clinical symptoms. By recognizing the risk of recurrence and the need for proactive prevention measures, we provide recommendations for both medical professionals and divers, with the ultimate goal of enhancing safety and informed decision-making within the diving community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1347465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T04:48:21Z","timestamp":1715230101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case report: Reassessing guidelines for safe resumption of diving after spinal decompression sickness: insights from a challenging case"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Druelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Eric","family":"Blatteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucile","family":"Daubresse Duchadeuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Roffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Louis","family":"Dufresne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Lehot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Manifestations of decompression disorders","year":"2003","author":"Francis","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000338582","article-title":"The epidemiology of injury in scuba diving","volume":"58","author":"Buzzacott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sport Sci"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"195","article-title":"The incidence of decompression illness in 10 years of scientific diving","volume":"42","author":"Dardeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9370-1","article-title":"Prognostic factors of spinal cord decompression sickness in recreational diving: retrospective and multicentric analysis of 279 cases","volume":"15","author":"Blatteau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.05.011","article-title":"Risk factors and treatment outcome in scuba divers with spinal cord decompression sickness","volume":"25","author":"Gempp","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172646","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1172646","article-title":"Therapeutic management of severe spinal cord decompression sickness in a hyperbaric center","volume":"10","author":"Simonnet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"530","article-title":"Risks factors for recurrent neurological decompression sickness in recreational divers: a case-control study","volume":"52","author":"Gempp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"129","article-title":"Joint position statement on persistent foramen ovale (PFO) and diving. South Paci fi c underwater medicine society (SPUMS) and the United Kingdom sports diving medical committee (UKSDMC)","volume":"45","author":"Smart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2376.2008","article-title":"MRI findings and clinical outcome in 45 divers with spinal cord decompression sickness","volume":"79","author":"Gempp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1578","article-title":"Presumed venous infarction in spinal decompression sickness","volume":"19","author":"Manabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038844","article-title":"Relation between right-to-left shunts and spinal cord decompression sickness in divers","volume":"30","author":"Gempp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2022.101687","article-title":"Recurrent decompression illness even after the closure of patent foramen Ovale in a diver","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2013.121","article-title":"Relation between cervical and thoracic spinal canal stenosis and the development of spinal cord decompression sickness in recreational scuba divers","volume":"52","author":"Gempp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.059","article-title":"Reliability of right-to-left shunt screening in the prevention of scuba diving related-decompression sickness","volume":"248","author":"Gempp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"105","article-title":"The relevance of magnetic resonance imaging in spinal cord decompression sickness: a survey of seven cases","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm49.2.77-78","article-title":"Risk mitigation in divers with persistent (patent) foramen ovale","volume":"49","author":"Wilmshurst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1347465\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T04:48:26Z","timestamp":1715230106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1347465\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2024.1347465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1347465","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"article-number":"1347465"}}