{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:05:05Z","timestamp":1753891505131,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to explore the effects of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the ophthalmic artery (OA) hemodynamics in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 73 participants (Group0: healthy controls, Group1: Patients with ACS underwent PCI &amp;lt; 3 months, Group2: Patients with ACS underwent PCI \u2265 3 months) were enrolled. Computed tomographic angiography images were used to construct three-dimensional models of participants' OAs. Numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics were used to acquire hemodynamic parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The angle between the OA and internal carotid artery in Group2 was significantly larger compared with Group0 and Group1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.044). Hemodynamic simulation showed a significantly slower OA blood velocity in Group1 than in the control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and Group2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033). Lower wall shear stress was found in Group1 than that in control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.040). Patients after PCI had a higher wall pressure than healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). Mass flow ratios were decreased in Group1 and Group2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.021 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). The hemodynamic parameters of OA were correlated with several clinical indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The OA blood flow velocity of patients with ACS after PCI initially slowed down, which increased the risk of plaque formation, and then showed an increasing trend. There was a correlation between OA hemodynamic parameters and clinical indexes related to cardiac stress. Ischemia-reperfusion injury and changes in blood flow status after PCI may affect OA morphology and hemodynamics, leading to ocular lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ChiCTR2100050428.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1367900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T04:28:09Z","timestamp":1709526489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of PCI on ophthalmic artery hemodynamics in patients with acute coronary 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