{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:42:49Z","timestamp":1782945769014,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior observational research has indicated a potential link between pediatric asthma and united airways disease (UAD). However, these findings could be subject to confounding factors and reverse causation. Therefore, our study utilizes Mendelian randomization (MR) method to further investigate the causal relationship between pediatric asthma and UAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the association between pediatric asthma and seven groups of UAD, including chronic sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis, chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids, chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study employed a range of methods for two-sample MR analysis, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, Simple mode, weighted median, and weighted models. The conclusion of the MR analysis primarily relies on the IVW results, while other analytical methods are utilized as supplementary evidence to ensure result robustness in this MR analysis. And sensitivity analyses were conducted, including heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test, MR-PRESSO test, and leave-one-out analysis to validate the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the MR analysis indicate significant causal effects of pediatric asthma on chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.15, 95%CI: 1.05\u20131.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009=\u20090.003), chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.07, 95%CI: 1.00\u20131.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009=\u20090.038), chronic bronchitis (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.51, 95%CI: 1.42\u20131.62, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt;0.001), bronchiectasis (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.51, 95%CI: (1.30\u20131.75), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt;0.001), and COPD (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.43, 95%CI: 1.34\u20131.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt;0.001). However, no significant causal association was observed between pediatric asthma and chronic sinusitis (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.00, 95%CI: 1.00\u20131.00, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009=\u20090.085), chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95%CI: 0.90\u20131.21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009=\u20090.558).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support a potential causal relationship between pediatric asthma and UAD, suggesting that pediatric asthma may be a potential risk factor for various UAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1369695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T15:59:32Z","timestamp":1718207972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Causal associations between pediatric asthma and united airways disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tongxun","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000819","article-title":"Current strategies for phenotyping and managing asthma in preschool children","volume":"22","author":"Feleszko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30187-4","article-title":"Asthma transition from childhood into adulthood","volume":"5","author":"Fuchs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.08.044","article-title":"Increased airway smooth muscle in preschool wheezers who have asthma at school age","volume":"131","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-1958OC","article-title":"Airway Remodeling in preschool children with severe recurrent wheeze","volume":"192","author":"Lezmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2021.1879130","article-title":"Manifesto on united airways diseases (UAD): an Interasma (global asthma association - GAA) document","volume":"59","author":"Tiotiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13496","article-title":"Precision medicine in united airways disease: a treatable traits approach","volume":"73","author":"Yii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.suppl_2.s26","article-title":"United airways disease: therapeutic aspects","volume":"55","author":"Passalacqua","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.26.001","article-title":"Expert consensus on the combined diagnosis, treatment, and Management of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the upper and lower airways","volume":"97","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101936","article-title":"Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: an update from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"59","year":"2023","journal-title":"E Clin. 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