{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:58:02Z","timestamp":1793642282205,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nephrobronchial fistula is an exceptionally rare complication of renal infections, including the uncommon xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Existing literature is limited to a few case reports, with antibiotic therapy and nephrectomy being the preferred treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of recurrent xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in her right kidney, requiring drainage through lumbotomy. She presented with a chronic dry cough and weight loss, without other noticeable symptoms. Imaging suggested a pulmonary abscess and nephrobronchial fistula. Despite antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention, her condition progressed fatally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nephrobronchial fistulas are extremely complications of renal infections, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms. This case highlights their significant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings, and underscoring the urgent need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1374043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T06:10:28Z","timestamp":1723615828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fatal nephrobronchial fistula arising from xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Alejandra","family":"Burbano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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