{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:20:43Z","timestamp":1781742043968,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cirrhotic ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to severe liver disease and impaired liver function, which leads to poor blood circulation in the body, increased pressure in the hepatic sinus wall, and the exudation of fluid from the plasma into the peritoneal cavity. Cirrhotic ascites is a common complication of cirrhosis and poses a threat to the health and lives of modern people, causing a heavy social burden worldwide. So far, there are no effective treatment methods available to improve the quality and quantity of life for patients and their partners; existing drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of cirrhotic ascites and slow down its progression. This article aims to carefully examine the pathogenesis of cirrhotic ascites by exploring various contributing factors such as portal hypertension, renal dysfunction, inflammation, growth factors, oxidative stress, immunocytes, and gut microbiota. The purpose is to gain better insights and deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T04:51:42Z","timestamp":1726203102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recent insights into contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic ascites"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01374-","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis.","volume":"398","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.3259","article-title":"The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: Recent evolution and open questions.","volume":"77","author":"Deltenre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00366-","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"8","author":"H\u00e4ussinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.3279","article-title":"Hepatology highlights.","volume":"76","author":"Asif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60121-","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis.","volume":"383","author":"Tsochatzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.00","article-title":"Fibrosis and alcohol-related liver disease.","volume":"70","author":"Lackner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1216-","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis 2015.","volume":"51","author":"Fukui","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra150436","article-title":"Treatment of patients with cirrhosis.","volume":"375","author":"Ge","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.2890","article-title":"Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases.","volume":"65","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.04","article-title":"Can macrophages in cirrhotic ascites fluid predict clinical outcome in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?","volume":"158","author":"Kruger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0185-","article-title":"Refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis.","volume":"114","author":"Adebayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.006","article-title":"Alcohol associated liver cirrhotics have higher mortality after index hospitalization: Long-term data of 5,138 patients.","volume":"27","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-32179","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis.","volume":"70","author":"Aithal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.010","article-title":"Management of refractory ascites.","volume":"29","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.06.01","article-title":"Towards a new definition of decompensated cirrhosis.","volume":"76","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004889","article-title":"TIPS versus paracentesis for cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.","volume":"3","author":"Saab","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1268-","article-title":"Impact of acute-on-chronic liver failure and decompensated liver cirrhosis on psychosocial burden and quality of life of patients and their close relatives.","volume":"18","author":"Nagel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.03.02","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of early insertion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts for recurrent ascites.","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30339-","article-title":"Towards patient-centred and cost-effective care for patients with cirrhosis and ascites.","volume":"3","author":"Thomson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.23005","article-title":"The portal vein: A comprehensive review.","volume":"43","author":"Layton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2019.07.00","article-title":"Portal hypertension: Pathogenesis and diagnosis.","volume":"23","author":"Turco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.07.00","article-title":"News in pathophysiology, definition and classification of hepatorenal syndrome: A step beyond the International Club of Ascites (ICA) consensus document.","volume":"71","author":"Angeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.1436","article-title":"What\u2019s new in portal hypertension?","volume":"40","author":"Mauro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.82119","article-title":"Sodium retention in heart failure and cirrhosis: Potential role of natriuretic doses of mineralocorticoid antagonist?","volume":"2","author":"Bansal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.05.02","article-title":"Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatorenal syndrome. Two faces of the same coin.","volume":"43","author":"Zardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01036-","article-title":"Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics.","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms2211558","article-title":"Management of cirrhotic ascites under the add-on administration of tolvaptan.","volume":"22","author":"Adachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c14007","article-title":"Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.","volume":"5","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr Physiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04966-","article-title":"Liver endothelial cells in NAFLD and transition to NASH and HCC.","volume":"80","author":"Velliou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2002","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: An under-recognized cause of portal hypertension in hematological disorders.","volume":"75","author":"Al-Mukhaizeem","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.02","article-title":"Simvastatin treatment improves liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction in CCl4 cirrhotic rats.","volume":"46","author":"Abraldes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(05)80451-9","article-title":"Mechanism of sodium retention and ascites formation in cirrhosis.","volume":"17","author":"Arroyo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05709","article-title":"Role of intestinal lymphatics in interstitial volume regulation and transmucosal water transport.","volume":"1207","author":"Kvietys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-105-4-57","article-title":"Cirrhotic ascites. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.","volume":"105","author":"Rocco","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.30358","article-title":"Hypertension: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system alterations.","volume":"116","author":"Te Riet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.1427","article-title":"Pathways of hepatic and renal damage through non-classical activation of the renin-angiotensin system in chronic liver disease.","volume":"40","author":"Sansoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.1545","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its suppression.","volume":"33","author":"Ames","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.000000000000078","article-title":"Hyponatremia in Cirrhosis: An Update.","volume":"115","author":"Alukal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.1407","article-title":"Collagen type IV remodelling gender-specifically predicts mortality in decompensated cirrhosis.","volume":"39","author":"Lehmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9815-","article-title":"Management of ascites and hepatorenal syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"Piano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Int."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05230-","article-title":"Gasdermin D-deficient mice are hypersensitive to acute kidney injury.","volume":"13","author":"Tonnus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.08.03","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on the evaluation and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: Expert review.","volume":"20","author":"Flamm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-32078","article-title":"Targeting the gut-liver-immune axis to treat cirrhosis.","volume":"70","author":"Tranah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.3188","article-title":"Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American association for the study of liver diseases.","volume":"74","author":"Biggins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.1338","article-title":"Inflammation: Maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules.","volume":"173","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.31403","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in immune response and tissue inflammation.","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.2678","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) accelerates liver fibrosis regression by suppressing Ly-6C(+) macrophage infiltration in mice.","volume":"59","author":"Baeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.1207","article-title":"Role of MAP kinases and PI3K-Akt on the cytokine inflammatory profile of peritoneal macrophages from the ascites of cirrhotic patients.","volume":"33","author":"Tapia-Abell\u00e1n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.215501","article-title":"Alterations in gut microbiome and metabolomics in chronic hepatitis B infection-associated liver disease and their impact on peripheral immune response.","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.01","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: Distinctive features and clinical relevance.","volume":"61","author":"Albillos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.219687","article-title":"Hepatocyte CD36 modulates UBQLN1-mediated proteasomal degradation of autophagic SNARE proteins contributing to septic liver injury.","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2019.10.00","article-title":"Cytokines and serum amyloid A in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"50","author":"Abouelasrar Salama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.59572","article-title":"Dynamic immune\/inflammation precision medicine: The good and the bad inflammation in infection and cancer.","volume":"12","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.15","article-title":"Cytokines induce small intestine and liver injury after renal ischemia or nephrectomy.","volume":"91","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00790","article-title":"Interleukin-6, nitric oxide, and the clinical and hemodynamic alterations of patients with liver cirrhosis.","volume":"94","author":"Genesca","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2020.04.00","article-title":"Targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in fibrosis.","author":"AlQudah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.04","article-title":"The systemic inflammation hypothesis: Towards a new paradigm of acute decompensation and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis.","volume":"74","author":"Arroyo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/0964528421103923","article-title":"Electroacupuncture attenuates vascular hyporeactivity in a rat model of portal hypertension induced by bile duct ligation.","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acupunct Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1042\/cs093021","article-title":"Hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhotic rats with ascites: Role of endotoxin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide.","volume":"93","author":"Chu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hep.2003.09.03","article-title":"Bacterial translocation up-regulates GTP-cyclohydrolase I in mesenteric vasculature of cirrhotic rats.","volume":"38","author":"Wiest","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.03867","article-title":"Sepsis in cirrhosis: Report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club.","volume":"54","author":"Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00807-","article-title":"Hepatic inflammatory responses in liver fibrosis.","volume":"20","author":"Hammerich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.04","article-title":"Pan-PPAR agonist lanifibranor improves portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis in experimental advanced chronic liver disease.","volume":"74","author":"Boyer-Diaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.08.01","article-title":"Kidney dysfunction in the setting of liver failure: Core curriculum 2024.","volume":"83","author":"Kanduri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.0038","article-title":"Growth factors in regeneration and regenerative medicine: \u201cthe Cure and the Cause\u201d.","volume":"11","author":"Kulebyakin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.3","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation.","volume":"14","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms1807139","article-title":"Adipokines in liver cirrhosis.","volume":"18","author":"Buechler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.2734","article-title":"Molecular pathophysiology of portal hypertension.","volume":"61","author":"Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.4","article-title":"TGF-beta: The master regulator of fibrosis.","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.11605","article-title":"Jiawei Taohe Chengqi Decoction attenuates hepatic fibrosis by preventing activation of HSCs through regulating Src\/ERK\/Smad3 signal pathway.","volume":"305","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.02","article-title":"Cytotherapy with M1-polarized macrophages ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating immune microenvironment in mice.","volume":"67","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24171343","article-title":"Studies on the role of compartmentalized profiles of cytokines in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"24","author":"Fasolato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.31047","article-title":"VEGFR3 modulates vascular permeability by controlling VEGF\/VEGFR2 signaling.","volume":"120","author":"Heinolainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.1229","article-title":"Anti-VEGFR agents ameliorate hepatic venous dysregulation\/microcirculatory dysfunction, splanchnic venous pooling and ascites of NASH-cirrhotic rat.","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2013.0001","article-title":"Ascitic fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of ascites: Focus on cirrhotic ascites.","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.8316","article-title":"5-aminolevulinate and CHIL3\/CHI3L1 treatment amid ischemia aids liver metabolism and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury.","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms2209464","article-title":"The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: Outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and induced pathologies.","volume":"22","author":"Juan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.01","article-title":"Impaired endothelial autophagy promotes liver fibrosis by aggravating the oxidative stress response during acute liver injury.","volume":"70","author":"Ruart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.15411","article-title":"Isoliquiritigenin alleviates liver fibrosis through caveolin-1-mediated hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis in zebrafish and mice.","volume":"101","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.15502","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 play a major role in the pathogenesis of vascular leakage in cirrhotic rats.","volume":"58","author":"Melgar-Lesmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24231680","article-title":"Oxidative mechanisms and cardiovascular abnormalities of cirrhosis and portal hypertension.","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.12202","article-title":"Remodeling liver microenvironment by L-arginine loaded hollow polydopamine nanoparticles for liver cirrhosis treatment.","volume":"295","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.1538","article-title":"Predictors of serious adverse events and non-response in cirrhotic patients with primary biliary cholangitis treated with obeticholic acid.","volume":"42","author":"De Vincentis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.01","article-title":"Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"70","author":"Hammoutene","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.26","article-title":"Cisplatin plus paclitaxel and maintenance of bevacizumab on tumour progression, dissemination, and survival of ovarian carcinoma xenograft models.","volume":"107","author":"Oliva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.89401","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of apatinib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter real world retrospective study.","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9613-","article-title":"New cellular and molecular targets for the treatment of portal hypertension.","volume":"9","author":"Gracia-Sancho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatol Int."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2020.12.01","article-title":"Flow-mediated vasodilation through mechanosensitive G protein-coupled receptors in endothelial cells.","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.0099","article-title":"MASP-1 increases endothelial permeability.","volume":"10","author":"Debreczeni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1042\/CS2020045","article-title":"Obeticholic acid ameliorates hepatorenal syndrome in ascitic cirrhotic rats by down-regulating the renal 8-iso-PGF2\u03b1-activated COX-TXA2 pathway.","volume":"134","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.10626","article-title":"The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hepatocellular carcinoma: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical implications.","volume":"181","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.04","article-title":"Long-term cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist therapy decreases bacterial translocation in rats with cirrhosis and ascites.","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.03","article-title":"Mouse model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding (the NIAAA model).","volume":"8","author":"Bertola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.02","article-title":"Hepatocyte adenosine kinase promotes excessive fat deposition and liver inflammation.","volume":"164","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-07020","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"380","author":"Muratori","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-03433","article-title":"Macrophage polarization.","volume":"79","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.00","article-title":"The neutrophil.","volume":"54","author":"Burn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00685-","article-title":"Metabolic control of innate lymphoid cells in health and disease.","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Metab."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep43","article-title":"Signal mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: Dopamine targets their common pathways.","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.00","article-title":"Pancreatic ascites hemoglobin contributes to the systemic response in acute pancreatitis.","volume":"81","author":"Perez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.2709","article-title":"Increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor in peritoneal macrophages of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.","volume":"34","author":"Cejudo-Mart\u00edn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.20221659","article-title":"Targetable Brg1-CXCL14 axis contributes to alcoholic liver injury by driving neutrophil trafficking.","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.514","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury.","volume":"20","author":"Mittal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.004","article-title":"Selective activation of PFKL suppresses the phagocytic oxidative burst.","volume":"184","author":"Amara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.10305","article-title":"The mitochondrial biliverdin exporter ABCB10 in hepatocytes mitigates neutrophilic inflammation in alcoholic hepatitis.","volume":"70","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.62547","article-title":"The roles of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of liver diseases.","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.06.02","article-title":"The role of the neutrophil Fc\u03b3 receptor I (CD64) index in diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients.","volume":"49","author":"Dang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1042\/CS2016006","article-title":"IL-10-producing regulatory B-cells suppressed effector T-cells but enhanced regulatory T-cells in chronic HBV infection.","volume":"130","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.0006","article-title":"T lymphocyte-mediated liver immunopathology of schistosomiasis.","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.12.01","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression by activated monocytes and altered T-cell homeostasis in ascitic alcoholic cirrhosis: Amelioration with norfloxacin.","volume":"40","author":"Albillos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.02","article-title":"Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 induces an M2 anti-inflammatory transition in macrophages from patients with cirrhosis.","volume":"64","author":"Moratalla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05645-","article-title":"Tissue CD14+CD8+ T cells reprogrammed by myeloid cells and modulated by LPS.","volume":"614","author":"Pallett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep4051","article-title":"Bacterial translocation aggravates CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis by regulating CD4+ T cells in rats.","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.12.01","article-title":"Obeticholic acid reduces bacterial translocation and inhibits intestinal inflammation in cirrhotic rats.","volume":"64","author":"\u00dabeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09512-","article-title":"Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism.","volume":"20","author":"Schoeler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2346-","article-title":"Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity.","volume":"66","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.01","article-title":"The microbiota in cirrhosis and its role in hepatic decompensation.","volume":"75","author":"Trebicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1039\/c7fo01528","article-title":"Gut: Liver : Brain axis: The microbial challenge in the hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"9","author":"Mancini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms2203123","article-title":"Intestinal SIRT1 deficiency-related intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis aggravate TNF\u03b1-mediated renal dysfunction in cirrhotic ascitic mice.","volume":"22","author":"Chou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.202106084","article-title":"Intestinal bacterial translocation contributes to diabetic kidney disease.","volume":"33","author":"Linh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.1553","article-title":"Escherichia coli-derived outer-membrane vesicles induce immune activation and progression of cirrhosis in mice and humans.","volume":"43","author":"Natsui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.4","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure in cirrhosis.","volume":"2","author":"Arroyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-32804","article-title":"Faecal metabolome and its determinants in inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"72","author":"Vich Vila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.82952","article-title":"The emerging role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.1514","article-title":"Gut-liver axis-mediated mechanism of liver cancer: A special focus on the role of gut microbiota.","volume":"112","author":"Ohtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.06.00","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver and the gut microbiota.","volume":"5","author":"Bashiardes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.87487","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiota by magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate mediates enhancement of intestinal barrier function and amelioration of methotrexate-induced liver injury.","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.1383","article-title":"Age-mediated gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the loss of dendritic cells tolerance.","volume":"22","author":"Bashir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7423","DOI":"10.1039\/d2fo00911","article-title":"Probiotics and gut microbiota: Mechanistic insights into gut immune homeostasis through TLR pathway regulation.","volume":"13","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu1415317","article-title":"Elucidation of anti-hypertensive mechanism by a novel Lactobacillus rhamnosus AC1 fermented soymilk in the deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats.","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.04","article-title":"Interaction of microbiome, diet, and hospitalizations between Brazilian and American patients with cirrhosis.","volume":"20","author":"\u00c1lvares-da-Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms2201019","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis treatment.","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376217\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T04:51:48Z","timestamp":1726203108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376217\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":133,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376217","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"article-number":"1376217"}}