{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:28:23Z","timestamp":1787506103774,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A 20-year-old man was presented with ulcerative gastritis and duodenitis complicated by pyloric stenosis.\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was excluded, and the lesions did not respond to treatment with proton pump inhibitors. No other parts of the intestinal tract showed signs of inflammation. Histopathological review showed signs of chronic inflammation with granuloma formation. A tentative diagnosis of isolated upper gastrointestinal (UGI) Crohn\u2019s disease was performed. However, additional work-up revealed significantly positive IgG4 staining as well as elevated IgG4 serum levels. Since granulomatous disease is unlikely in IgG4-related disease, an eventual diagnosis of overlapping IgG4-related disease and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) was performed. Treatment with systemic steroids and anti-TNF in combination with azathioprine led to rapid symptomatic improvement. In this article, we review the available literature on IgG4-related gastroduodenitis, granulomatous gastritis, and upper GI CD. We suggest the possibility that IgG4-infiltration may be a marker of severely active inflammatory bowel disease rather than a separate disease entity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1388940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T07:02:47Z","timestamp":1721372567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case report and review of literature: IgG4-gastroduodenitis in upper GI Crohn\u2019s disease: two separate entities or just a marker of disease severity?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Desmedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Geldof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Hoorens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triana","family":"Lobaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-1586-PATTPD","article-title":"Practical approach to the pathologic diagnosis of gastritis","volume":"132","author":"Sepulveda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0718-z","article-title":"Effective and safe proton pump inhibitor therapy in acid-related diseases - a position paper addressing benefits and potential harms of acid suppression","volume":"14","author":"Scarpignato","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199604000-00009","article-title":"A clinicopathologic study of 42 patients with granulomatous gastritis. 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