{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:55:29Z","timestamp":1788184529158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Emphysematous cystitis (EC) refers to a rare form of complicated urinary tract infection (UTI), which is typically observed in elderly females with severe diabetes mellitus. EC was triggered by bacteria, producing gas filled cysts in the bladder wall and lumen, the most common of which are\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Since EC could be potentially life-threatening, severe form of EC (like septic shock) can cause gangrenous cystitis (GC). This case report describes an 85-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who presented with EC and bladder gangrene due to the growth of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    in urine. Our case describes patient\u2019s progression in detail, ranging from the initial clinical manifestations to specific management actions, which may provide new insights and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1408646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T23:52:31Z","timestamp":1731628351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The mystery of abdominal snow-grip sensation: emphysematous cystitis complicated with bladder gangrene and rupture\u2014case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zujun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanhua","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.06930.x","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: a review of 135 cases","volume":"100","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1121","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: a review of the literature","volume":"53","author":"Amano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.472","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: the role of CT imaging and appropriate treatment","volume":"7","author":"Eken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/280426","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: report of an atypical case","volume":"2011","author":"De Baets","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep Urol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108345","article-title":"Gangrene of the anterior abdominal wall secondary to urinary bladder rupture due to emphysematous cystitis: a case report","volume":"107","author":"Kouiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2023.102487","article-title":"A rare case of emphysematous cystitis due to Candida glabrata","volume":"50","author":"Sapkalova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5334\/jbsr.1192","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis","volume":"102","author":"Dekeyzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Belg Soc Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2017.930","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: mortality, risk factors, and pathogens of a rare disease","volume":"7","author":"Schicho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(00)00356-3","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in adults with diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Ronald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2016214455","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-214455","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: a radiographic diagnosis","volume":"2016","author":"Islam","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.2980","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: a case report and literature review","volume":"8","author":"Mukendi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.02.023","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of nonoperative management in emphysematous urinary tract infections","volume":"79","author":"Bjurlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520937920","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520937920","article-title":"Severe emphysematous cystitis complicated with perforation, bilateral renal cortical atrophy and sepsis: a case report","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)40151-0","article-title":"Gas-forming infection of the urinary tract: an investigation of fermentation as a mechanism","volume":"143","author":"Yang","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-020-00479-5","article-title":"Coexistence of emphysematous cystitis and bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Valencia","year":"2020","journal-title":"CEN Case Rep"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(87)90425-6","article-title":"Estimation and characterization of glycosylated carbonic anhydrase I in erythrocytes from patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"166","author":"Kondo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)45115-9","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis: successful management by percutaneous drainage","volume":"136","author":"Hudson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2019.100860","article-title":"A case of emphysematous cystitis and bladder rupture","volume":"24","author":"Hudnall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/ua.Ua_60_20","article-title":"A case report of emphysematous cystitis with spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder perforation in an operated case of prolapsed intervertebral disc","volume":"13","author":"Velhal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8343022","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8343022","article-title":"A complex case of emphysematous cystitis in a peritoneal Dialysis patient","volume":"2021","author":"Okello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2023.102321","article-title":"A nontraditional presentation and treatment for emphysematous cystitis","volume":"46","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210126","DOI":"10.1259\/bjrcr.20210126","article-title":"An unusual cause of free air in the abdomen: emphysematous cystitis with bladder diverticulum perforation","volume":"7","author":"Keeling","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJR Case Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.4066\/amj.2012.1416","article-title":"Enterococcus faecium related emphysematous cystitis and bladder rupture","volume":"5","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australas Med J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5334\/jbr-btr.1151","article-title":"Spontaneous Bladder Wall rupture due to emphysematous cystitis","volume":"100","author":"Roels","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Belg Soc Radiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"omad073","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omad073","article-title":"Extraperitoneum bladder rupture due to emphysematous cystitis","volume":"2023","author":"Kawahigashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107458","article-title":"Generalized peritonitis secondary to spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder in a diabetic patient: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Eghbali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1408646\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T23:52:34Z","timestamp":1731628354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1408646\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2024.1408646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1408646","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"article-number":"1408646"}}