{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:34:36Z","timestamp":1793370876929,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A premature surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) during ovarian stimulation cycles between 12 and 25% has been commonly reported. However, there is still a lack of consensus on whether premature LH surge affects pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of premature LH surge on pregnancy rates in women with and without premature LH surge during intracytoplasmic sperm injection or stimulation of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization cycles at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted. Information related to 771 women who had IVF\/ICSI cycles between January 2022 and December 2022 was reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on premature LH surge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in patients\u2019 characteristics. The live birth rates were significantly higher in women without premature LH surge than in women with LH surge (12.9% vs. 5.6%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.010). With regard to the number of oocytes collected, M2, and fertilization rate, these were significantly higher in women without premature LH surge, with <jats:italic>p-<\/jats:italic>values of 0.001, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study demonstrates significantly higher live birth rates in women without premature LH surge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1429033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T17:11:10Z","timestamp":1742577070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of premature luteinizing hormone surge on pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection or in vitro fertilization cycles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Maram","family":"Aldarsooni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alfarah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Albohammod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dania","family":"Al-Jaroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1361146\/v1","article-title":"Effect of a premature luteinizing hormone surge on cumulative live birth rate during a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective study","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00888-4","article-title":"Is it necessary to monitor the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration on the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day among young women during the follicular-phase long protocol? A retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-11-90","article-title":"Clinical impact of LH rises prior to and during ganirelix treatment started on day 5 or on day 6 of ovarian stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Frattarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-009-9299-5","article-title":"Does premature luteinization or early surge of LH impair cycle outcome? Report of two successful outcomes","volume":"26","author":"S\u00f6nmezer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90036-Q","article-title":"Comparison of intermittent and continuous use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (Nal-Glu) in in vitro fertilization cycles: a preliminary report","volume":"165","author":"Cassidenti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2013.40.2.90","article-title":"The effectiveness of earlier oocyte retrieval in the case of a premature luteinizing hormone surge on hCG day in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.042","article-title":"Is a premature rise in luteinizing hormone in the absence of increased progesterone levels detrimental to pregnancy outcome in GnRH antagonist in vitro fertilization cycles","volume":"96","author":"Dovey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12485","article-title":"The effect of premature luteinizing hormone increases among high ovarian responders undergoing a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist ovarian stimulation protocol","volume":"142","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1683730","article-title":"The effect of a transient premature luteinizing hormone surge without elevated serum progesterone on in vitro fertilization outcomes in a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist flexible protocol","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.046","article-title":"In vitro fertilization outcomes in patients experiencing a premature rise in luteinizing hormone during a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycle","volume":"95","author":"Kummer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722655","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.722655","article-title":"A premature rise of luteinizing hormone is associated with a reduced cumulative live birth rate in patients \u226537 years old undergoing GnRH antagonist in vitro fertilization cycles","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61661-6","article-title":"Optimizing GnRH antagonist administration: meta-analysis of fixed versus flexible protocol","volume":"10","author":"Al-Inany","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.03.016","article-title":"Prospective, randomized trial comparing cetrorelix acetate and ganirelix acetate in a programmed, flexible protocol for premature luteinizing hormone surge prevention in assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"84","author":"Wilcox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.12122\/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.10.12","article-title":"Effects of cetrorelix versus ganirelix in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles for preventing premature luteinizing hormone surges and on clinical outcomes of IVF-ET cycles","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1429033\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T17:11:14Z","timestamp":1742577074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1429033\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2024.1429033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1429033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"article-number":"1429033"}}