{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:47:40Z","timestamp":1793821660292,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) significantly impact brain function and cognition. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, particularly Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), play a crucial role in diagnosing these conditions by detecting structural abnormalities. This study leverages the ADNI and OASIS datasets, renowned for their extensive MRI data, to develop effective models for detecting AD and MCI. The research conducted three sets of tests, comparing multiple groups: multi-class classification (AD vs. Cognitively Normal (CN) vs. MCI), binary classification (AD vs. CN, and MCI vs. CN), to evaluate the performance of models trained on ADNI and OASIS datasets. Key preprocessing techniques such as Gaussian filtering, contrast enhancement, and resizing were applied to both datasets. Additionally, skull stripping using U-Net was utilized to extract features by removing the skull. Several prominent deep learning architectures including DenseNet-201, EfficientNet-B0, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and ResNet-152 were investigated to identify subtle patterns associated with AD and MCI. Transfer learning techniques were employed to enhance model performance, leveraging pre-trained datasets for improved Alzheimer\u2019s MCI detection. ResNet-101 exhibited superior performance compared to other models, achieving 98.21% accuracy on the ADNI dataset and 97.45% accuracy on the OASIS dataset in multi-class classification tasks encompassing AD, CN, and MCI. It also performed well in binary classification tasks distinguishing AD from CN. ResNet-152 excelled particularly in binary classification between MCI and CN on the OASIS dataset. These findings underscore the utility of deep learning models in accurately identifying and distinguishing neurodegenerative diseases, showcasing their potential for enhancing clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1445325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T14:01:43Z","timestamp":1726840903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Enhancing healthcare recommendation: transfer learning in deep convolutional neural networks for Alzheimer disease detection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Purushottam Kumar","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Pruthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshul","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benazeer","family":"Zohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":""},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510790274473","article-title":"Alzheimers disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are characterized by increased BDNF serum levels","volume":"7","author":"Angelucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.367840","article-title":"Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease onset using MRI and PET neuroimaging: longitudinal data analysis and machine learning","volume":"18","author":"Kulasiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"ref4","year":""},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.9.1498","article-title":"Open access series of imaging studies (OASIS): cross-sectional MRI data in young, middle aged, nondemented, and demented older adults","volume":"19","author":"Marcus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2319327","article-title":"Noise removal of the x-ray medical image using fast spatial filters and GPU","author":"Cadena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applications of Digital Image Processing XLI"},{"key":"ref7","author":"Kumar","year":""},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2023.112086","article-title":"Robustness of machine learning to color, size change, normalization, and image enhancement on micrograph datasets with large sample differences","volume":"232","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2023.107912","article-title":"K-strip: a novel segmentation algorithm in k-space for the application of skull stripping","volume":"243","author":"Rempe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Methods Prog Biomed"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28","article-title":"U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","volume-title":"Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2015. 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