{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:53:39Z","timestamp":1789505619682,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhabdomyolysis (RML), characterized by the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers and the release of muscle contents into the bloodstream, has emerged as a notable complication associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination. Studies have reported an increased incidence of RML in individuals with severe COVID-19 infection. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear and are believed to involve the host\u2019s immune response to the virus. Furthermore, RML has been documented as a rare adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination, particularly with mRNA vaccines. Proposed mechanisms include immune responses triggered by the vaccine and T-cell activation against viral spike proteins. This study aims to review the current literature on the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of RML secondary to COVID-19 infection and vaccination. We identify common risk factors and mechanisms underlying this condition by analyzing case reports, clinical studies, and pharmacovigilance data. Our findings suggest that while RML is a relatively rare adverse event, it warrants attention due to its potential severity and the widespread prevalence of COVID-19 and its vaccines. This review underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness and further research to optimize management strategies and improve patient outcomes in this context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1460676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T23:52:22Z","timestamp":1732060342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rhabdomyolysis secondary to COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a review of literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Faal 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