{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:22:33Z","timestamp":1790774553541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a rare case of a rapidly growing and large conjunctival histoplasmosis lesion in an immunosuppressed West African woman in her 80s, affecting her only eye. The patient had undergone a renal transplant and was on immunosuppressive medications. Additionally, she had previously been treated for presumed systemic histoplasmosis with itraconazole more than 5\u202fyears ago. Despite receiving previous treatment, she presented with a large conjunctival lesion, which was confirmed to be histoplasmosis after an excisional biopsy. The lesion was observed to grow over a 2-week period, causing significant visual impairment. Following a comprehensive systems review and investigation, the conjunctiva was identified as the sole site of infection. This case underscores the rarity of sight-threatening Histoplasma infections in the conjunctiva of an immunosuppressed individual. Conjunctival histoplasmosis lesions are rarely reported, with even fewer cases documented as primarily originating from this location.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1483788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:26:56Z","timestamp":1733718416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case report: Primary infection of conjunctival histoplasmosis mimicking a large conjunctival neoplasm in an immunosuppressed patient"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumana","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Coupland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Heimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006046","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006046","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Africa: an emerging or a neglected disease?","volume":"12","author":"Oladele","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"112","article-title":"Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome","volume-title":"Stereoscopic atlas of macular diseases:Diagnosis and treatment","author":"Gass","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.009","article-title":"Histoplasmosis","volume":"30","author":"Wheat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2633_21","article-title":"A rare presentation of ocular histoplasmosis in a patient with systemic nocardiosis","volume":"70","author":"Behera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00665-1","article-title":"Histoplasma granuloma of the conjunctiva","volume":"110","author":"Knox","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.04.003","article-title":"Isolated conjunctival histoplasmosis in an elderly patient: a rare but important scenario","volume":"54","author":"Pujari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1483788\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:26:58Z","timestamp":1733718418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1483788\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"references-count":6,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2024.1483788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1483788","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"article-number":"1483788"}}