{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:48:43Z","timestamp":1793213323478,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the population ages, the subject of elder abuse has become more prominent, with psychological abuse of older people being particularly prevalent. This leads to a higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems among older people, reducing their quality of life, and even jeopardizing their safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate psychological abuse among home-dwelling older people in Northern China and its influencing factors. Participants were surveyed using a demographic questionnaire, activities of daily living (ADL), family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale (FACES), and elder psychological abuse scale. The factors impacting psychological abuse were examined using binary logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 465 home-dwelling older people participated in the study, with an effective response rate of 97.89%. The median item score of psychological abuse was 20 (IQR: 18\u201322), activities of daily living was 15 (IQR: 14\u201317), and family adaptability and cohesion was 96 (IQR: 86\u2013105). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors affecting psychological abuse among home-dwelling older people were residence in rural areas (OR = 3.487, 95% CI = 2.121\u20135.732), monthly income \u2265 3,501 (OR = 0.342, 95% CI = 0.119\u20130.987), had chronic diseases (OR = 2.202, 95% CI = 1.356\u20133.576), and FACES (OR = 0.955, 95% CI = 0.936\u20130.974) were the factors that influenced the prevalence of psychological abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Northern China, the level of psychological abuse among older people is low. It is associated with residence, monthly income, chronic diseases, and family adaptability and cohesion. Further studies are required to understand the underlying causes and develop effective interventions to reduce psychological abuse and ensure a comfortable old life for older Chinese people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1492826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T06:13:43Z","timestamp":1736921623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Psychological abuse and its influencing factors among home-dwelling older people in Northern China: a cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoying","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Total Population Declined Slightly and The Level of Urbanization Continued to Increase."},{"key":"B2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Abuse of Older People on the Rise - 1 in 6 Affected [EB\/OL].(2017-06-14)[2023-01-27]."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw004","article-title":"Elder abuse: Global situation, risk factors, and prevention strategies.","volume":"56","author":"Pillemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30006-2","article-title":"Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"5","author":"Yon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"B5","author":"Soares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Abuse and Health among Elderly in Europe."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13147","article-title":"Experiences of abuse in Australian family carers and predictors of mental health and well-being.","volume":"30","author":"Obst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.163089","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: The National Elder Mistreatment Study.","volume":"100","author":"Acierno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000502544","article-title":"Elder abuse and social capital in older adults: The Japan gerontological evaluation study.","volume":"66","author":"Koga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-017-9941-4","article-title":"Functional decline and emotional elder abuse: A population-based study of older Korean adults.","volume":"33","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fam Violence."},{"key":"B10","author":"Chunyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"To Investigate the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Injury among the Elderly in Chenzhou City [Doctorate]."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"813","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of elder abuse in one rural area of Anhui Province: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"20","author":"Zhen-Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Dis Control."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2018.59.5.693","article-title":"Relationship between emotional abuse and depression among community-dwelling older adults in Korea.","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510383037","article-title":"Elder mistreatment and emotional symptoms among older adults in a largely rural population: The South Carolina elder mistreatment study.","volume":"26","author":"Begle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02888","article-title":"Explanations around physical abuse, neglect and preventive strategies among older Yoruba people (60+) in urban Ibadan Southwest Nigeria: A qualitative study.","volume":"5","author":"Agunbiade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017025","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of elder abuse and neglect in a rural community of Negeri Sembilan state: Baseline findings from The Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO), a population-based survey.","volume":"7","author":"Sooryanarayana","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx064","article-title":"The Importance of Investigating abuser characteristics in elder emotional\/psychological abuse: Results from adult protective services data.","volume":"74","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232020252.02222018","article-title":"Elderly caregivers of other elderly living with and without children: Burden, optimism and coping strategies.","volume":"25","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12598","article-title":"The rise of maternal grandmother child care in urban Chinese families.","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B19","article-title":"Four issues in the centennial study of Dewey\u2019s \u201cChild-centered\u201d in China: A critical review.","volume":"36","author":"Hongjun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Educ Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3138\/jcfs.45.1.17","article-title":"China\u2019s one-child policy and the changing family.","volume":"45","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Comp Fam Stud."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"846","article-title":"Summary of best evidence for preventing elder abuse.","volume":"35","author":"Shuping","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/10.1_Part_1.20","article-title":"Progress in development of the index of ADL.","volume":"10","author":"Katz","year":"1970","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1579","article-title":"Value of social activities and prerequisites for continued participation of rural older adults: A qualitative study.","volume":"10","author":"Onishi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Open."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1983.00069.x","article-title":"Circumplex model of marital and family systems: VI. Theoretical update.","volume":"22","author":"Olson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fam Process."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/0091415018773499","article-title":"Elder mistreatment among older Chinese Americans: The role of family cohesion.","volume":"88","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Aging Hum Dev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1799940","article-title":"Family functioning and negative emotions in older adults: The mediating role of self-integrity and the moderating role of self-stereotyping.","volume":"25","author":"Dang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health."},{"key":"B27","author":"Jie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Development and Application of the Mental Abuse Assessment Scale for the Elderly in the Family."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living.","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72410-2","article-title":"Development and application of family adaptability and cohesion scale.","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Pract China."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514553628","article-title":"Elder abuse and help-seeking behavior in elderly Chinese.","volume":"30","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2005.08.006","article-title":"Psychological abuse and its characteristic correlates among elderly Taiwanese.","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13601","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for elder abuse and neglect in the community: A population-based study.","volume":"63","author":"Burnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"57","article-title":"Revisiting perspectives on George Homans: Correcting misconceptions.","volume":"24","author":"Muldoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Manag Hist."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13989","article-title":"Elder abuse: Nationwide findings among community-dwelling Malaysian older persons.","volume":"20","author":"Sooryanarayana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.11.015","article-title":"Clinically speaking, psychological abuse matters.","volume":"73","author":"Come\u00e7anha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00180","article-title":"Perceptions of psychological abuse versus physical abuse and their relationship with mental health outcomes.","volume":"32","author":"Masci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12410","article-title":"Association between family functioning and cognitive impairment among Chinese nonagenarians\/centenarians.","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S493","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15892","article-title":"Typology of family relationship and elder mistreatment in a US Chinese population.","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212002347","article-title":"The dark side of family communication: A communication model of elder abuse and neglect.","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.2021.1934768","article-title":"Elder abuse in life stories: A qualitative study on rural Chinese older people.","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1505","article-title":"Relationship between emotional elder abuse and developmental function of the family.","volume":"10","author":"Amirmohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Open."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2020.1740377","article-title":"The prevalence and associated risk factors of elder abuse among older people applied to the family health center in the rural district of Turkey.","volume":"59","author":"Pak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1984.00365.x","article-title":"Structural family therapy: Its application to Chinese families.","volume":"23","author":"Jung","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fam Process."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/JAMPS\/2017\/33089","article-title":"Assessing the prevalence and patterns of elder\u2019s abuse in Imo State, Nigeria: A rural\u2013urban comparative study.","volume":"13","author":"Oluoha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adv Med Pharm Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11175-z","article-title":"Prevalence of elder abuse and victim-related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.","volume":"21","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S360548","article-title":"A Community-based exploratory cross-sectional study of elder abuse perpetration or victimization among elders in Ethiopia, 2022.","volume":"17","author":"Wolde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104152","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of elder psychological abuse- a cross- sectional screening study, based on a hospitalized community from Poland.","volume":"90","author":"Filipska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138521","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of chronic disease pairs and multimorbidity among older chinese adults living in a rural area.","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02950-7","article-title":"Violence against caregivers of older adults with chronic diseases is associated with caregiver burden and depression: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"22","author":"Pinyopornpanish","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1492826\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T06:13:53Z","timestamp":1736921633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1492826\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2024.1492826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1492826","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"article-number":"1492826"}}