{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:14:52Z","timestamp":1784697292947,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The precise relationship between the heart rate and temperature (HR\/T) ratio and mortality in patients with HF remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the HR\/T ratio and 28-day intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rates in patients with HF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 3,790 patients with congestive heart failure in a large electronic database. Patients were divided into quartiles based on their HR\/T ratio: Q1 (1.28\u20131.76), Q2 (2.44\u20132.72), Q3 (2.88\u20133.14), and Q4 (3.29\u20134.13). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between HR\/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with higher HR\/T ratios had greater disease severity and higher mortality rates. In the fully adjusted regression model, a significant association was observed between HR\/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality risk, with mortality increasing as HR\/T ratio rose (OR\u202f=\u202f1.55, 95% CI: 1.17\u20132.04). An E-value analysis indicated that unmeasured confounders had a minimal impact on the results, confirming the robustness of the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among ICU-admitted patients with HF, we identified a significant association between HR\/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality. As the HR\/T ratio increased, the 28-day ICU mortality showed an upward trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1497245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T06:22:05Z","timestamp":1734070925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between the heart rate to temperature ratio and 28-day mortality in patients with heart failure in intensive care unit: a multicenter retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WeiLi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaorong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 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