{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:33:09Z","timestamp":1786660389316,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> is an opportunistic pathogenic parasite. Most individuals with normal immune function may not exhibit significant symptoms, and the signs are atypical, which can easily lead to missed diagnoses and delayed treatment. People with underlying diseases and weakened immunity are prone to develop severe conditions after infection with <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report an immunocompromised patient in whom the pathogen was initially not detectable using traditional parasitic detection techniques. However, <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> was identified in both the alveolar lavage fluid and blood through metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Subsequently, <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> was detected in the alveolar lavage fluid after multiple rounds of testing using traditional microscopic examination techniques. Based on the mNGS results and other examination findings, the patient was diagnosed with <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> in combination with concurrent multiple pathogens infections. After the combined drug therapy of Meropenem, Vancomycin, and Albendazole, the patient\u2019s condition was gradually brought under control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case demonstrates the advantage of integrating traditional detection methods with metagenomics next-generation sequencing technology in the etiological diagnosis of immunocompromised individuals. It is conducive to clarifying the etiological diagnosis of patients and thereby facilitating the timely initiation of corresponding treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1519065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T18:12:32Z","timestamp":1736359952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Strongyloides stercoralis combined with concurrent multiple pathogens infections in an immunosuppressed patient: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jingchun","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peisong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000834","article-title":"Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related strongyloides species","volume":"144","author":"Nutman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis","volume-title":"StatPearls [internet]","author":"Mora Carpio","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.12138\/j.issn.1671-9638.20233145","article-title":"A case report of fecal roundworm co-infection with Fungi","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chinese J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.11816\/cn.ni.2019-190764","article-title":"Analysis and prevention of a severe infection case of fecal roundworm and pneumocystis Jirovecii","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-022-00528-z","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis","volume":"200","author":"Czeresnia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832430","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.832430","article-title":"Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-3619.2022.07.032","article-title":"A case of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with fecal roundworm infection","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Mag"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e573","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001021","article-title":"\"Strongyloides stercoralis, human T-cell Lymphotropic virus Type-1 and cytomegalovirus coinfection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipient.\" transplantation","volume":"6","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Direct"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e443","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17280","article-title":"Cytology and dermatological findings: key diagnostic tools in Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfestation","volume":"63","author":"Fernandez-Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_141_19","article-title":"Post-renal transplant Miliary mottling: not always tuberculosis","volume":"30","author":"Yashwanth Raj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.08.010","article-title":"Efficacy of parasitological methods for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm in faecal specimens","volume":"120","author":"In\u00eas Ede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2022.07.001","article-title":"The diagnosis of human and companion animal Strongyloides stercoralis infection: challenges and solutions. 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