{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:45:43Z","timestamp":1765233943261,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFE0204400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0204400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report a singular case of cataract caused by toad venom inoculation and to scrutinize the pathological mechanisms through proteomic sequencing of the lens specimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A young Chinese male presented with progressively deteriorating vision in his right eye subsequent to a history of toad venom inoculation. He was diagnosed with a toxic cataract, and underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Anterior capsule, nucleus, and cortex specimens from the patient (designated as PT_CAP, PT_PHACO, and PT_CTX, respectively) and age-related cataract controls (C_CAP, C_PHACO, and C_CTX, respectively) were collected and subjected to 4D label-free quantitative proteomics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multitude of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the patient\u2019s lens compared to those in the controls. Specifically, a total of 204 DEPs were identified in PT_CAP compared to C_CAP, with MYH6, MYL2, MYL3, STAT1, and ANK1 among the foremost regulated DEPs. The DEPs of PT_CAP were principally affiliated with functions including \u201ctransportation of small molecules,\u201d \u201cregulation of metal ion transport,\u201d and \u201cimport into cell.\u201d A sum of 109 DEPs were delineated in PT_CTX compared to C_CTX, with TPM1 among the top-10 downregulated DEPs. Ninety-five DEPs were pinpointed in PT_PHACO compared to C_PHACO, with hexokinase among the top 10 downregulated DEPs. These proteins were ascertained to be linked with Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study introduced the first documented case of toxic cataract caused by toad venom inoculation. Proteomic sequencing indicated a correlation between cataract and alterations in Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase activity, providing insights for the clinical management of ocular toad venom inoculation in subsequent cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1537770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1736835187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ocular inoculation of toad venom: toxic cataract and proteomic 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