{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:25:55Z","timestamp":1788269155897,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the preferences of cataract patients in East China regarding intraocular lenses (IOLs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was conducted using a questionnaire that included various IOLs attributes. Participants made choices based on different combinations of these attributes, and the data were analyzed using multinomial logit models (MNL) and latent class analysis (LCA) to identify preference heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 200 cataract patients (mean age 66.2 years, 58.5% female) participated in the study. The most influential factors in IOL selection were cost, followed by presbyopia correction, with a preference for multifocal IOLs (trifocal and bifocal), spherical aberration correction, and astigmatism correction. High cost and a higher probability of adverse visual phenomena negatively affected preferences. The inclusion of blue-blocking functionality and the surgeon\u2019s recommendation had minimal influence on patient choice. LCA revealed three distinct preference groups: Class 1 (\u201cAberration Correction Seekers\u201d) preferred aspheric IOLs, Class 2 (\u201cPresbyopia and Blue-Blocking Enthusiasts\u201d) favored multifocal IOLs, and Class 3 (\u201cAstigmatism and Cost-Sensitive Patients\u201d) preferred toric IOLs. Multinomial logistic regression analysis further showed that male patients were more likely to choose toric IOLs, while individuals with higher education levels were significantly less likely to prefer multifocal IOLs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights significant heterogeneity in cataract patient preferences for IOLs attributes. Cost was the most critical factor, followed by presbyopia and aberration correction. Men favored toric IOLs and exhibited sensitivity to cost, while highly educated individuals preferred multifocal IOLs less. These findings underscore the need for personalized IOLs recommendations and signal opportunities for innovation and customization in the IOLs industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1446715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T07:26:19Z","timestamp":1739345179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring patient preferences for intraocular lenses selection in age-related cataract: a discrete choice experiment study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qiaolin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hehe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30544-5","article-title":"Cataracts","volume":"390","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cataracts Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.061","article-title":"New intraocular lens technology","volume":"140","author":"Olson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0460-9","article-title":"Which intraocular lens would ophthalmologists choose for themselves?","volume":"33","author":"Logothetis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-018-0734-2","article-title":"Discrete choice experiments in health economics: past, present and future","volume":"37","author":"Soekhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.05.014","article-title":"Attribute development in health-related discrete choice experiments: a systematic review of qualitative methods and techniques to inform quantitative instruments","volume":"27","author":"Bohorquez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-015-0118-z","article-title":"Sample size requirements for discrete-choice experiments in healthcare: a practical guide","volume":"8","author":"de Bekker-Grob","year":"2015","journal-title":"Patient"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_20_20","article-title":"Age affects intraocular lens attributes preference in cataract surgery","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00722-X","article-title":"Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgery: a systematic review","volume":"110","author":"Leyland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2018.04.003","article-title":"Premium intraocular lenses: the past, present and future","volume":"30","author":"Zvorni\u010danin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2019.11.19","article-title":"Personalized aspheric intraocular lens implantation based on corneal spherical aberration: a review","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.07.015","article-title":"Visual and patient-reported outcomes of a diffractive trifocal intraocular Lens compared with those of a Monofocal intraocular Lens","volume":"128","author":"Modi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.03.005","article-title":"Multifocal intraocular lenses: an overview","volume":"62","author":"Alio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000415","article-title":"Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in Caucasian patients","volume":"24","author":"De Bernardo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0450-2","article-title":"Evaluation of biometry and corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery patients from Central China","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2014.02.001","article-title":"Proper understanding of aberration and scatter light and reasonable selection of IOL","volume":"50","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.108978","article-title":"Filtering blue light mitigates the deleterious effects induced by the oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"217","author":"Abdouh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2908","article-title":"Blue-light-blocking intraocular lens implantation improves the sleep quality of cataract patients","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.02.016","article-title":"The blue light Hazard versus blue light hype","volume":"240","author":"Mainster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.10.015","article-title":"Effect of a blue-light-blocking intraocular lens on the quality of sleep","volume":"35","author":"Landers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-3-20","article-title":"Sex & vision I: Spatio-temporal resolution","volume":"3","author":"Abramov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Tyson\n              A\n            \n            \n              Pasquini\n              G\n            \n            \n              Spencer\n              A\n            \n            \n              Funk\n              C\n            \n          \n          \n          2023"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1446715\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T07:26:23Z","timestamp":1739345183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1446715\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1446715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1446715","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"article-number":"1446715"}}