{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:57:45Z","timestamp":1787165865070,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are gastrointestinal disorders, which can be triggered by gut microbiota dysbiosis. The development of IBS-like symptoms has been linked to the overgrowth of\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp. In addition, the critical role of fungi has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of IBD. This study investigated the association between\n Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n and selected yeasts in IBS and IBD patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This investigation is a cross-sectional study from 2022 to 2024, performed on 91 participants, including 20 healthy individuals, 27 patients with IBS, and 44 IBD patients [39 with ulcerative colitis (UC; 88.63%) and 5 (11.37%) Crohn\u2019s disease (CD)], who were also categorized based on the presence of\n Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n . Total DNA was extracted from stool samples, and the presence and quantity of yeasts including\n C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, Geotrichum candidum, Rhodotorula<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n were evaluated by real-time PCR. Statistical tests were used to assess significant associations between variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n were the most prevalent yeasts in all groups.\n Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n were identified in neither patients nor healthy subjects. The presence\/absence of\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n was not significantly different between patients with IBD, IBS, and the control groups. This was similar for\n G. candidum<\/jats:italic>\n . However, there was a difference in the presence of\n S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n among patients, although it was insignificant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n -value = 0.077). There was a significant difference in the quantity of\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n between IBD (880.421 \u00b1 2140.504), IBS (10.307 \u00b1 15.206), and controls (2875.888 \u00b1 8383.889) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n -value = 0.020). Specifically, the source of difference was seen between IBD patients and the control group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n -value = 0.005). In addition, considering the presence of\n Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n , a statistically significant association was seen between the number of\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n and the sample groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n -value = 0.013). The quantity of\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n was significantly different between IBS and IBD patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Regarding the presence of\n Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n , the quantity of\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n was increased and decreased in the studied groups, respectively. This is a preliminary study, and eukaryote\u2013eukaryote association in IBS and IBD patients should be considered in further studies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1514587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T02:09:14Z","timestamp":1739412554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A preliminary study of the association between Blastocystis and quantification of selected yeasts in IBD and IBS patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zohre","family":"Khosravany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadegh","family":"Khodavaisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Olyaiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Shahrokh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mohammad Ali Gol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajad","family":"Shojaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Mohammad Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Mirjalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2021.04.001","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of irritable bowel syndrome: an international perspective","volume":"50","author":"Sperber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-311240","article-title":"The global 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