{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:01:39Z","timestamp":1753891299258,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sepsis is a life-threating and time-depending condition. This study examined the association between sepsis etiology and variations in capillary and serum lactate levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and diastolic shock index in emergency department patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study, conducted between 2021 and 2022 at the Emergency Department of Ferrara, included the following criteria: (i) clinical suspect of infectious disease; (ii) qSOFA \u22652; (iii) age \u226518\u202fyears; (iv) signed informed consent. Etiologies were: (i) negative cultures (NC); (ii) Gram positive (GP); (iii) Gram negative (GN); (iv) fungal infections (FI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 200 included patients, 104 (52.0%) had NC, 36 (18.0%) GP, 53 (26.5%) GN and 7 (3.5%) FI. CLs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.006) and SLs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) were different according to etiology being higher in GP infections. NLR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.035) was higher in GN infections, while DSI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.008) increased in FI. Mortality was not influenced by the etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All parameters differed according to sepsis etiology, thus improving early prediction of sepsis etiology and its pharmacological management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1536148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T05:25:41Z","timestamp":1744781141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Variations in capillary and serum lactates levels based on different etiologies of septic patients in the emergency 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