{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:01:14Z","timestamp":1753891274073,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although there is evolving consensus to re-evaluate cytogenetic features during follow-up in multiple myeloma (MM), longitudinal studies on cytogenetic evolution in Chinese MM patients are still lacking. Our aim was to highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring of cytogenetic characteristics and shed light on the implications of clonal evolution in Chinese MM patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical data of 230 MM patients were retrospectively analyzed, including 100 patients were continuously monitored for cytogenetic abnormalities by fluorescence <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization (FISH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>49 out of 100 patients acquired <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> FISH abnormalities during follow-up, which were associated with disease progression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.003) and inferior progression free survival (PFS) (median 31 vs. 51\u202fmonths, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.032). Patients with \u22652 <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> FISH abnormalities had poorer PFS (median 24 vs. 45\u202fmonths, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u202f0.003) when compared to those with l or no <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> FISH abnormality. Patients who acquired new abnormalities within 31\u202fmonths since diagnosis had significantly worse PFS (median: 20 vs. 41\u202fmonths, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) and Overall Survival (OS) (median: 61 vs. 100\u202fmonths, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.008) compared to those who acquired new abnormalities after 31\u202fmonths. When gain\/amp <jats:italic>1q21<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>del(17p)<\/jats:italic>, t(4;14), and t(14;16) were classified as high risk abnormalities (HRA), patients with \u22652 HRA had a shorter PFS (median 28 vs. 49\u202fmonths, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.038) and OS (median 75 vs. 107\u202fmonths, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.040) when compared to those without HRA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Re-evaluation of cytogenetic characteristics by serial FISH tests is important in MM patients. <jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic> FISH abnormalities during follow-up are adverse prognostic factors, especially when \u22652 new FISH anomalies and acquired new abnormalities within 31\u202fmonths since diagnosis are presented, and the presence of \u22652 HRA during the disease process are associated with poor survival in Chinese MM patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1536825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T07:07:53Z","timestamp":1741158473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["De novo abnormalities identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization during follow-up confer poor prognosis in Chinese multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shumin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueyun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000734","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000734","article-title":"The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.380","article-title":"Trends in overall survival and costs of multiple myeloma, 2000\u20132014","volume":"31","author":"Fonseca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00464-7","article-title":"NDEAVOR investigators. 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