{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:04:19Z","timestamp":1787497459782,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, predominantly colonizes the liver and may metastasize to the lungs or brain in advanced stages. Involvement of extrapulmonary sites such as the chest wall or subcutaneous tissues is exceedingly rare, even in endemic regions. The nonspecific clinical manifestations and imaging features of chest wall AE pose diagnostic challenges, necessitating histopathological confirmation. We present a case of a 48-year-old female admitted with a chief complaint of a right supra-mammary mass persisting for over 1 year. Imaging studies revealed a cystic lesion in the right chest wall and a hypodense hepatic lesion in the right lobe, suggestive of hydatid disease. The patient underwent combined hepatic segmentectomy and chest wall mass resection under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed AE infection in both hepatic and anterior chest wall specimens. The patient achieved complete recovery with no postoperative complications and was discharged uneventfully. Regular oral albendazole therapy has been maintained for 6 months postoperatively, with no recurrence to date.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1538839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:10:45Z","timestamp":1744675845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis with chest wall metastasis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Meng-Zhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ping","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-De","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Xun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.006","article-title":"The echinococcoses: diagnosis, clinical management and burden of disease.","volume":"96","author":"Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.24.0121","article-title":"Alveolar echinococcosis.","volume":"144","author":"Jensenius","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.001","article-title":"Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis.","volume":"95","author":"Deplazes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2808.212514","article-title":"Dog ownership and risk for alveolar echinococcosis.","volume":"28","author":"Schmidberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Germany. 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Which is the best operative technique for hydatid cysts of the lung; when should it be performed?","volume":"24","author":"Caushi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pneumon"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00075","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00075-18","article-title":"Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century.","volume":"32","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s150100050079","article-title":"Extrahepatic alveolar echinococcosis without liver involvement: a rare manifestation.","volume":"28","author":"Reuter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480683","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1480683","article-title":"Progress and perspectives on BMP9-ID1 activation of HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGFA to promote angiogenesis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.","volume":"14","author":"Ke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15050585","article-title":"Advances in novel diagnostic techniques for alveolar echinococcosis.","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-020-00499-8","article-title":"Differential diagnosis between hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.","volume":"20","author":"Wa","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270695","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270695","article-title":"Follow-up PET\/CT of alveolar echinococcosis: comparison of metabolic activity and immunodiagnostic testing.","volume":"17","author":"Husmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.001","article-title":"Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans.","volume":"114","author":"Brunetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.171248","article-title":"Cytodiagnosis of isolated primary hydatid cyst of breast masquerading as a breast neoplasm: a rare case report.","volume":"32","author":"Mujawar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3109-2","article-title":"Outcomes after liver resection for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a single-center cohort study.","volume":"39","author":"Joliat","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2018.04.002","article-title":"Evaluation of kinase-inhibitors nilotinib and everolimus against alveolar echinococcosis in vitro and in a mouse model.","volume":"188","author":"Joekel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1538839\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:10:47Z","timestamp":1744675847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1538839\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1538839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1538839","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"article-number":"1538839"}}