{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:12:23Z","timestamp":1781593943595,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we aimed to investigate and analyze the clinical and sociodemographic features and possible correlation with factors associated with the development of vitiligo in a cohort of patients suffering from this disease in the central region of Romania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients diagnosed with vitiligo from private outpatient clinics in the region and from the outpatient clinic of the Dermatology Clinic in T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f participated in the study. The study period was between March 2021 and March 2022. Both sets of patients adhered to the same specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included just patients who received a complete dermatological clinical examination. They were asked by experienced physicians about epidemiological and clinical data of the disease, using the questions about vitiligo from the validated questionnaire edited by the Vitiligo Research Foundation from the United States of America. The patients who were given incomplete responses were excluded. This questionnaire contains 30 questions with multiple answers, about the patients with vitiligo, divided into seven subgroups as follows: group 1. Origins (demographic data), 2. History of vitiligo, 3. Vitiligo description, 4. Vitiligo treatments, 5. Skin condition, 6. Other conditions (comorbidities), 7. Impact (cost of treatments). Our study consisted of 114 patients, all of whom were Caucasians with Fitzpatrick skin types ranging from I\u2013III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have analyzed the found data and compared the result with the data found in the literature. Most of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of vitiligo in our patients were similar to those in other studies. A few of the characteristics linked to the possible appearance of the disease were present in higher percentages like the presence of the disease in the family, lighter color of the eyes, gray colored hair, the presence of the halo naevus, the predisposition to sunburn, the skin trauma as starting cause and the presence of increased level of thyroid disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on our results, we can conclude a profile of a potential patient who can develop vitiligo. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind from our country, however, our inferences remain limited by the single center, a relatively small sample size, recall bias, and a self-decided classification of some clinical aspects, which are potential limitations of this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1544184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T05:10:48Z","timestamp":1741237848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of the clinical and sociodemographic features of patients with vitiligo from the central region of Romania"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Fekete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyula Laszlo","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo Barna","family":"Iantovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Edit","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Bac\u00e2rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05377","article-title":"A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children\/adolescents and adults.","volume":"51","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60763-7","article-title":"Vitiligo.","volume":"386","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"1308","author":"Prasad","year":"2016","journal-title":"IADVL Textbook of Dermatology. Depigmentary and Hypopigmentary Disorders."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.32708","article-title":"Vitiligo: Compendium of clinico-epidemiological features.","volume":"73","author":"Sehgal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"209","article-title":"Profile of vitiligo in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand, India.","volume":"59","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9743","article-title":"Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review.","volume":"21","author":"Said-Fernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.09.008","article-title":"Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo.","volume":"97","author":"Marchioro","year":"2022","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","article-title":"Vitiligo: Mechanisms of pathogenesis and treatment.","volume":"38","author":"Frisoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.06.004","article-title":"The genetic basis of vitiligo.","volume":"141","author":"Spritz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711080","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.711080","article-title":"Editorial: Immunology of vitiligo.","volume":"24","author":"Seneschal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.11.011","article-title":"Vitiligo as a systemic disease.","volume":"32","author":"Lotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12010","article-title":"Classification of vitiligo: A challenging endeavor.","volume":"25","author":"Hercogov\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12620","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12620","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes: A 5-year long study reveals previously unreported therapeutic, demographic, socio-economic, and other correlations in vitiligo.","volume":"31","author":"Valle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18257","article-title":"Vitiligo prevalence and quality of life among adults in Europe, Japan, and the USA.","volume":"36","author":"Bibeau","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0163806","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163806","article-title":"The prevalence of vitiligo: A meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8103","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-1738","article-title":"Prevalence of vitiligo and associated comorbidities in adults in Shanghai, China: A community-based, cross-sectional survey.","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.144499","article-title":"Epidemiological pattern of psoriasis, vitiligo and atopic dermatitis in India: Hospital-based point prevalence.","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.113.1.47","article-title":"Prevalence of vitiligo. epidemiological survey on the isle of bornholm, Denmark.","volume":"113","author":"Howitz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.137150","article-title":"A clinical study of vitiligo in a rural set up of Gujarat.","volume":"39","author":"Vora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind J Community Med."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"475","article-title":"Etude clinique et statistique d\u2019une population de 100 vitiligos. I. - Facteurs \u00e9tiologiques et \u00e9tude clinique [Clinical and statistical study of 100 vitiligo patients. I. Etiologic factors and clinical study].","volume":"23","author":"Ortonne","year":"1976","journal-title":"Sem Hop."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"255","article-title":"Vitiligo disease triggers psychological stressors preceding the onset of disease.","volume":"95","author":"Silverberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cutis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02764.x","article-title":"Correlation of stressful events with onset of vitiligo in children.","volume":"23","author":"Manolache","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102833","article-title":"Vitiligo and pregnancy: How do each affect the other?","volume":"8","author":"Abdelhafez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1397","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical profile of vitiligo in China: A community-based study in six cities.","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5617838","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5617838","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Itch in vitiligo and its clinical significance.","volume":"2017","author":"Vachiramon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29307","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29307","article-title":"Vitiligo: A narrative review.","volume":"14","author":"Joge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02175.x","article-title":"Vitiligo skin types in Koreans.","volume":"27","author":"Ahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.05.007","article-title":"Consensus on the treatment of vitiligo - Brazilian society of dermatology.","volume":"95","author":"Dellatorre","year":"2020","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2516-7","article-title":"Fractional CO2 laser contributes to the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo as an adjunct therapy: A systemic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"33","author":"Chiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14602","article-title":"Treatment protocols and efficacy of combined laser with medical treatment modalities in vitiligo.","volume":"21","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1087508","article-title":"Advances in the treatment options for vitiligo: Activated low-dose cytokines-based therapy.","volume":"16","author":"Lotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/14728214.2020.1712358","article-title":"Emerging drugs for the treatment of vitiligo.","volume":"25","author":"Karagaiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20132219","article-title":"Clinical epidemiological profile of vitiligo in children and adolescents.","volume":"88","author":"Marinho Fde","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19448","article-title":"Clinician-reported outcome measures for the assessment of vitiligo: A scoping review.","volume":"37","author":"van Geel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12055","article-title":"A study of clinical profiles of vitiligo in different ages: An analysis of 669 outpatients.","volume":"53","author":"de Barros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(71)90232-4","article-title":"On the etiology of vitiligo and gray hair.","volume":"51","author":"Lerner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11095.x","article-title":"Greying of the human hair: A worldwide survey, revisiting the \u201850\u2019 rule of thumb.","volume":"167","author":"Panhard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67437","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67437","article-title":"Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress.","volume":"10","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_47_18","article-title":"Premature graying of hair: Review with updates.","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Trichol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10709.x","article-title":"Halo naevi and leukotrichia are strong predictors of the passage to mixed vitiligo in a subgroup of segmental vitiligo.","volume":"166","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04504.x","article-title":"Association of halo nevus\/i and vitiligo in childhood: A retrospective observational study.","volume":"27","author":"Patrizi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.218011","article-title":"Factors associated with development of vitiligo in patients with halo nevus.","volume":"130","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10154.x","article-title":"Prognostic value and clinical significance of halo naevi regarding vitiligo.","volume":"164","author":"van Geel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21017","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of allergic diseases in a Congolese population.","volume":"2","author":"Nyembue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21263","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic diseases in Izmir Province, Turkey.","volume":"4","author":"Kose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"124","article-title":"Evaluation of the clinical and sociodemographic features of Turkish patients with vitiligo.","volume":"24","author":"Oguz Topal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000354607","article-title":"Comorbidities associated with vitiligo: A ten-year retrospective study.","volume":"227","author":"Sheth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.063","article-title":"Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with vitiligo: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"74","author":"Gill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12166","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease in vitiligo: Multivariate analysis indicates intricate pathomechanisms.","volume":"168","author":"Gey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14055","article-title":"Comorbidities in vitiligo: Comprehensive review.","volume":"57","author":"Dahir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.12865\/CHSJ.48.01.16","article-title":"Non-melanoma skin cancer: Statistical associations between clinical parameters.","volume":"48","author":"Ciuciulete","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Health Sci J."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2014.43497","article-title":"Current aspects of vitiligo genetics.","volume":"31","author":"Czajkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol."},{"key":"B53","article-title":"Childhood vitiligo.","author":"Phiske","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1544184\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T05:10:53Z","timestamp":1741237853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1544184\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1544184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1544184","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"article-number":"1544184"}}