{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:00:40Z","timestamp":1753891240075,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a type of hemolytic anemia. In this condition, the body produces anti-red blood cell autoantibodies due to immune dysfunction. This results in accelerated destruction of red blood cells. According to the best temperature for autoantibodies to stick to red blood cells, there are three types: warm antibody type (wAIHA), cold antibody type (cAIHA), and mixed warm-cold antibody type (mAIHA). This article presents a case of acute severe warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia in an elderly male patient. The patient exhibited symptoms including jaundice of the skin, mucous membranes, and urine with a soy sauce color. Laboratory tests were as follows: hemoglobin (HGB) as low as 31 g\/L; indirect bilirubin (IBIL) as high as 162 \u03bcmol\/L; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level as high as 1,295 IU\/L; reticulocyte percentage (RET%) &amp;gt; 4%; Coombs test positive; conjugated beads protein assay &amp;lt; 0.2 g\/L; direct anti-human globulin test positive; indirect anti-human globulin test positive; anti-IgG+++; anti-C3d negative; cold agglutinin test (CAT) negative. After admission, the patient was given a combination of two treatments: methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin. During the treatment, the patient developed a hemolytic crisis. He was immediately given iptacopan and high-dose glucocorticoid shock therapy. After treatment, the patient\u2019s hemolytic-related symptoms improved rapidly. The hemoglobin levels remained within a safe range after stopping the blood transfusion. It is reported as follows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1551042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T06:53:14Z","timestamp":1741243994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with complement inhibitor iptacopan: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minran","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121090-20231027-00236","article-title":"[The treatment strategies of autoimmune hemolytic anemia].","volume":"45","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123859","article-title":"New insights in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: from pathogenesis to therapy stage 1.","volume":"9","author":"Barcellini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"391","article-title":"Clinical application of complement inhibitors in rare diseases.","volume":"1","author":"Si","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rare Dis Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308695","article-title":"Oral Iptacopan monotherapy in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.","volume":"390","author":"Peffault de Latour","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2033982","article-title":"Autoimmune 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with iptacopan in Iga nephropathy.","volume":"392","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018024190","article-title":"Eculizumab in cold agglutinin disease (decade): an open-label, prospective, bicentric, nonrandomized phase 2 trial.","volume":"2","author":"R\u00f6th","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2024.101210","article-title":"Factor B inhibitor iptacopan for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.","volume":"66","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(21)00028-4","article-title":"Addition of iptacopan, an oral factor B inhibitor, to eculizumab in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and active haemolysis: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2, proof-of-concept trial.","volume":"8","author":"Risitano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"journal-title":"Oral Monotherapy with Iptacopan, a Proximal Complement Inhibitor of Factor B, Has Superior Efficacy to Intravenous Terminal Complement Inhibition with Standard of Care Eculizumab or Ravulizumab and Favorable Safety in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Residual Anemia: Results from the Randomized, Active-Comparator-Controlled, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase Iii Apply-Pnh Study.","year":"2022","author":"Peffault de Latour","key":"B12"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1551042\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T06:53:17Z","timestamp":1741243997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1551042\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1551042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1551042","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"article-number":"1551042"}}