{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:00:32Z","timestamp":1753891232369,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV infection is one of the high-risk factors for pulmonary hypertension (PH). HIV-related PH is associated with non-AIDS-related comorbidities. In this study, we report a case of pulmonary hypertension with several concomitant risk factors who experienced a complete clinical improvement after drug rehabilitation, application of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), and sildenafil. A 37-year-old HIV-positive man complained about worsening dyspnea was diagnosed with severe PH. PH in this case was characterized by association with multi-factors, including amphetamine inhalation, HIV infection, bacterial liver abscess, history of splenectomy, and past ventricular septal defect, which was different from previously reported HIV-related PH cases who were associated solely with HIV infection. Our case intends to raise awareness that PH should be suspected among HIV-positive patients with unexplained dyspnea. It is notable that investigating the coexistent risk factors and a multidisciplinary team are crucial for early diagnosis and better prognosis of HIV-related PH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1556041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T04:10:45Z","timestamp":1745381445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Successful treatment of pulmonary hypertension due to HIV infection and amphetamine snorting: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cuiming","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13468","article-title":"Management and prognosis of HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: 20 years of evidence from the REHAP registry","volume":"292","author":"Salvador","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Humbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202112","DOI":"10.21542\/gcsp.2021.12","article-title":"Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on pulmonary vascular disease","volume":"2021","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Cardiol Sci Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802148","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02148-2018","article-title":"An overview of the 6th world symposium on pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Gali\u00e8","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000888","article-title":"Methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Kolaitis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.4.1133","article-title":"HIV-related pulmonary hypertension: analytic review of 131 cases","volume":"118","author":"Mehta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2016.17.01.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of acute amphetamine abuse: cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Bazmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90427","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.90427","article-title":"Amphetamines promote mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000215809.47923.fd","article-title":"Serotonin increases susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension in BMPR2-deficient mice","volume":"98","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249400500304","article-title":"CD4 lymphocyte numbers after splenectomy in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"5","author":"Fairley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.6.2722","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 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