{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:18:50Z","timestamp":1792513130173,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the efficacy of simultaneous intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), and pneumatic tamponade in treating submacular hemorrhage (SMH) due to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), compared to the procedure without anti-VEGF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed PCV patients with SMH who underwent the procedure at a tertiary hospital from 2021 to 2024. Outcomes comprised alterations in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), SMH absorption, and the administration of postoperative anti-VEGF injections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 31 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement or anti-VEGF usage between the anti-VEGF group and the control group. Both treatment strategies led to improved visual acuity. The mean number of anti-VEGF injections following surgery was 1.0 (8.0) in the anti-VEGF group and 1.0 (6.0) in the control group. Complications such as retinal detachment and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage occurred in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous intravitreal anti-VEGF did not outperform the procedure without it in terms of improved visual acuity or postoperative anti-VEGF usage. Further studies are needed to determine the best treatment approach for PCV patients with SMH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1565507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T05:27:13Z","timestamp":1751520433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal rt-PA injection in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: the role of simultaneous anti-VEGF 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