{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:48:19Z","timestamp":1785422899232,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The absence of definitive international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of fat embolism syndrome (FES) has prompted clinicians to undertake independent research. The admission of a patient with suspected cerebral FES (CFES) prompted clinicians to engage in self-directed learning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We presented a case of a 28-year-old male patient who had developed CFES as a complication of a fracture. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed the presence of scattered, multiple punctate lesions in the majority of the cerebral white matter. Following a series of treatments, including supportive care, the final MRI scan (on the fifth day) demonstrated that the majority of lesions had either been resorbed or were undergoing resorption, with a small number of lesions demonstrating fusion and an increase in size. However, the patient\u2019s impaired consciousness was successfully restored 5\u202fdays after the onset of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI findings should serve as the foundation for diagnosing CFES, rather than being used as a criterion for evaluating discharge. We proposed that MRI findings of \u201cstar pattern\u201d and \u201cvasogenic edema\u201d represented the optimal imaging criteria for diagnosing CFES. The timing of the diagnosis of CFES can be utilized as a validation measure for the diagnosis of CFES, which was conducive to the early and complete recovery from consciousness disorders. Moreover, we found the lesion information from MRI images lags behind the rate of recovery in the level of consciousness. The clinician can consider that the cerebral fat embolism syndrome has reached the therapeutic expectation when the patient\u2019s level of consciousness is restored. The patient can then be asked to be followed up after discharge from the hospital, and the end point of the follow-up period can be indicated by observing the complete disappearance of the lesion information shown on MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1566578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:29:24Z","timestamp":1749101364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Case Report: Recovery of consciousness ahead of MRI image lesion information in cerebral fat embolism syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.10.018","article-title":"Fat Embolism Syndrome After Knee Arthroscopy in a Pediatric Patient","volume":"163","author":"Bassell-Hawkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04869-6","article-title":"Multisystemic involvement of post-traumatic fat embolism at a Pediatric Trauma Center: a clinical series and literature review","volume":"182","author":"Piastra","year":"2023","journal-title":"European journal of pediatrics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122733","article-title":"Incidence of Fat Embolism Syndrome in Femur Fractures and Its Associated Risk Factors over Time\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Lempert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.04.026","article-title":"CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document","volume":"89","author":"Riley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52-B:732\u2013737","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.52B4.732","article-title":"Fat embolism: an aid to diagnosis","author":"Gurd","year":"1970","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.56B3.408","article-title":"The fat embolism syndrome","author":"Gurd","year":"1974","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038115","article-title":"The role of platelets in central hubs of inflammation: A literature review","volume":"103","author":"Bo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571631","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1571631","article-title":"Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in diabetic ketoacidosis patients: a 11-year experience in a single tertiary medical center and comprehensive literature review","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in medicine"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107928","article-title":"Effects of home-based telemedicine and mHealth interventions on blood pressure in stroke patients: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases: the official journal of National Stroke Association"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357640","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1357640","article-title":"Effects of oral calcium on reproduction and postpartum health in cattle: a meta-analysis and quality assessment","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in veterinary science"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.02.004","article-title":"Is cognitive behavioral therapy an efficacious treatment for psychological interventions in body dysmorphic disorders? 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